ArticleCellular and molecular bioengineering2016
Effect of M1-M2 Polarization on the Motility and Traction Stresses of Primary Human Macrophages.
Article in Cellular and molecular bioengineering, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advanced Functional Wound Dressings in Precision Surgery: Immunometabolic Reprogramming, Bioadaptive Biomaterials, and Intelligent Regenerative Interfaces.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Morpho-functional plasticity of tumour-associated macrophages: linking cell shape, ultrastructure, and immune regulation in cancer.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Polarization increases nuclear stiffness in macrophages despite reduction in lamin A/C levels.npj biological physics and mechanics · 2026Article
- Innate immune cross-talk: The central role of neutrophils and macrophages in ANCA-associated vasculitis.Molecular biology of the cell · 2025Review
- Timing matters in macrophage/CD4+ T cell interactions: an agent-based model comparingmSystems · 2025Article
- Macrophage microRNA-146a is a central regulator of the foreign body response to biomaterial implants.Biomaterials · 2025Article
- Advanced Immunomodulatory Biomaterials for Therapeutic Applications.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Review
- Chronic compression induces transcriptional, metabolic, and functional state changes in macrophages that recapitulate tumor-associated phenotypes.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Characteristics of macrophage aggregates prepared by rotation culture and their response to polymeric materials.Journal of artificial organs : the official journal of the Japanese Society for Artificial Organs · 2024Article
- THP-1 Macrophages Limit Neutrophil Transendothelial Migration in a Model Infection.Cellular and molecular bioengineering · 2024Article
- Macrophages-mediated delivery of protoporphyrin for sonodynamic therapy of rheumatoid arthritis.Ultrasonics sonochemistry · 2024Article
- Cell-homing and immunomodulatory composite hydrogels for effective wound healing with neovascularization.Bioactive materials · 2024Article
- Laminin-derived peptide, IKVAV, modulates macrophage phenotype through integrin mediation.Matrix biology plus · 2024Article
- Salmonella manipulates macrophage migration via SteC-mediated myosin light chain activation to penetrate the gut-vascular barrier.The EMBO journal · 2024Article
- Switching Rat Resident Macrophages from M1 to M2 Phenotype by Iba1 Silencing Has Analgesic Effects in SNL-Induced Neuropathic Pain.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Effect of Porous Substrate Topographies on Cell Dynamics: A Computational Study.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2023Article
- Spatial Confinement Modulates Macrophage Response in Microporous Annealed Particle (MAP) Scaffolds.Advanced healthcare materials · 2023Article
- The Pathological Activation of Microglia Is Modulated by Sexually Dimorphic Pathways.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Not all (cells) who wander are lost: Upstream migration as a pervasive mode of amoeboid cell motility.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Macrophages become polarized by cues in their environment and this polarization causes a functional change in their behavior. Two main subsets of polarized macrophages have been described. M1, or "classically activated" macrophages, are pro-inflammatory and M2, or "alternatively activated" macrophages, are anti-inflammatory. In this study, we investigated the motility and force generation of primary human macrophages polarized down the M1 and M2 pathways using chemokinesis assays and traction force microscopy on polyacrylamide gels. We found that M1 macrophages are significantly less motile and M2 macrophages are significantly more motile than unactivated M0 macrophages. We also showed that M1 macrophages generate significantly less force than M0 or M2 macrophages. We further found that M0 and M2, but not M1, macrophage force generation is dependent on ROCK signaling, as identified using the chemical inhibitor Y27632. Finally, using the chemical inhibitor blebbistatin, we found that myosin contraction is required for force generation by M0, M1, and M2 macrophages. This study represents the first investigation of the changes in the mechanical motility mechanisms used by macrophages after polarization.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.