ArticleThe International journal on drug policy2017
Down in the valley: Trajectories of injection initiation among young injectors in California's Central Valley.
Article in The International journal on drug policy, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Measuring network dynamics of opioid overdose deaths in the United States.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Rats chasing the dragon: A new heroin inhalation method.Journal of neuroscience methods · 2024Article
- A community-based study of abscess self-treatment and barriers to medical care among people who inject drugs in the United States.Health & social care in the community · 2022Article
- Association Between Prescription Opioid Therapy for Noncancer Pain and Hepatitis C Virus Seroconversion.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Prescription opioid treatment for non-cancer pain and initiation of injection drug use: large retrospective cohort study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2021Article
- Review of the Current State of Urine Drug Testing in Chronic Pain: Still Effective as a Clinical Tool and Curbing Abuse, or an Arcane Test?Current pain and headache reports · 2021Review
- Hepatitis C testing and treatment uptake among young people who use opioids in New York City: A cross-sectional study.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2021Article
- A vapor exposure method for delivering heroin alters nociception, body temperature and spontaneous activity in female and male rats.Journal of neuroscience methods · 2021Article
- Intersectional structural vulnerability to abusive policing among people who inject drugs: A mixed methods assessment in California's central valley.The International journal on drug policy · 2021Article
- Consider the Source: Associations between Syringe Sources and Risky Injection Behaviors in California's Central Valley.Substance use & misuse · 2021Article
- Reasons for assisting with injection initiation: Results from a large survey of people who inject drugs in Los Angeles and San Francisco, California.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- Syringe access and health harms: Characterizing "landscapes of antagonism" in California's Central Valley.The International journal on drug policy · 2020Article
- Initiating Persons into Injection Drug Use in Rural West Virginia, USA.Substance use & misuse · 2020Article
- Prescription painkiller misuse and the perceived risk of harm from using heroin.Addictive behaviors · 2019Article
- A fragmented code: The moral and structural context for providing assistance with injection drug use initiation in San Diego, USA.The International journal on drug policy · 2018Article
- Patient perspectives of transitioning from prescription opioids to heroin and the role of route of administration.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInjection drug use initiation represents a critical point of public health intervention, as injection increases risk for blood borne infections including Hepatitis C and HIV. In this paper, we explore pathways to injection initiation among youth (≤30) in the rural context of California's Central Valley, where rates of injection drug use are among the highest in the nation.
methodsWe draw on semi-structured qualitative interviews with 20 young injectors to examine drug use histories, including the factors that participants associated with their transition to injection drug use.
resultsThe average age was 24.7 years (range: 20-30), 45% were female (n=9), and 30% were Latino (n=6). Participants described a variety of pathways to injection, culminating in a first injection that involved either opioids (n=12) or methamphetamine (n=8). Among the opioid group, the majority used prescription opioids before transitioning to injection, while a smaller number transitioned to opioid injection from non-opioid recreational drug use. Injectors who first used prescription opioids often described growing up in affluent suburban areas and transitioned to injection with peers, owing to a combination of factors related to individual tolerance, cost, and shifting drug markets. In contrast, methamphetamine initiates grew up in less affluent families with histories of substance use that exposed them to drugs at an early age. Methamphetamine users transitioned from smoking and snorting to injection, often with family members or intimate partners, within broader contexts of social disadvantage and stress.
conclusionWhile much of the focus on young injectors has centred on the current opioid epidemic, our data suggest a need to consider multiple pathways towards injection initiation of different drugs. Targeted interventions addressing the unique injection transition contexts of both opioids and methamphetamine are urgently needed in the Central Valley of California.
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Registered trials
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