ArticleExperimental neurology2017
Refining environmental enrichment to advance rehabilitation based research after experimental traumatic brain injury.
Article in Experimental neurology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bored at home?-A systematic review on the effect of environmental enrichment on the welfare of laboratory rats and mice.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Pooled it
- Translational Outcomes Project in Neurotrauma (TOP-NT) Pre-Clinical Consortium Study: A Synopsis.Journal of neurotrauma · 2025Article
- Pre-operative environmental enrichment does not yield a prophylactic effect against traumatic brain injury-induced neurobehavioral deficits.Experimental neurology · 2025Article
- Delayed-and-abbreviated environmental enrichment after traumatic brain injury confers neurobehavioral benefits similar to immediate-and-continuous exposure.Brain research · 2025Article
- Restricted Daily Exposure of Environmental Enrichment: Bridging the Practical Gap from Animal Studies to Human Application.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Review
- Increasing Rigor of Preclinical Research to Maximize Opportunities for Translation.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2023Review
- Enriched environment as a nonpharmacological neuroprotective strategy.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2023Review
- Antipsychotic Drugs: The Antithesis to Neurorehabilitation in Models of Pre-Clinical Traumatic Brain Injury.Neurotrauma reports · 2023Article
- A combined therapeutic regimen of citalopram and environmental enrichment ameliorates attentional set-shifting performance after brain trauma.European journal of pharmacology · 2021Article
- Preclinical neurorehabilitation with environmental enrichment confers cognitive and histological benefits in a model of pediatric asphyxial cardiac arrest.Experimental neurology · 2021Article
- Exploratory relationships between cognitive improvements and training induced plasticity in hippocampus and cingulum in a rat model of mild traumatic brain injury: a diffusion MRI study.Brain imaging and behavior · 2020Article
- Low brain endocannabinoids associated with persistent non-goal directed nighttime hyperactivity after traumatic brain injury in mice.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Early life stress increases vulnerability to the sequelae of pediatric mild traumatic brain injury.Experimental neurology · 2020Article
- Chronic treatment with galantamine rescues reversal learning in an attentional set-shifting test after experimental brain trauma.Experimental neurology · 2019Article
- Aripiprazole and environmental enrichment independently improve functional outcome after cortical impact injury in adult male rats, but their combination does not yield additional benefits.Experimental neurology · 2019Article
- Enriching Communicative Environments: Leveraging Advances in Neuroplasticity for Improving Outcomes in Neurogenic Communication Disorders.American journal of speech-language pathology · 2019Review
- Delayed and Abbreviated Environmental Enrichment after Brain Trauma Promotes Motor and Cognitive Recovery That Is Not Contingent on Increased Neurogenesis.Journal of neurotrauma · 2019Article
- Dose-dependent neurorestorative effects of amantadine after cortical impact injury.Neuroscience letters · 2019Article
- Enriched Physical Environment Attenuates Spatial and Social Memory Impairments of Aged Socially Isolated Mice.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2018Article
- Albeit nocturnal, rats subjected to traumatic brain injury do not differ in neurobehavioral performance whether tested during the day or night.Neuroscience letters · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The typical environmental enrichment (EE) paradigm, which consists of continuous exposure after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI), promotes behavioral and histological benefits. However, rehabilitation is often abbreviated in the clinic and administered in multiple daily sessions. While recent studies have demonstrated that a once daily 6-hr bout of EE confers benefits comparable to continuous EE, breaking the therapy into two shorter sessions may increase novelty and ultimately enhance recovery. Hence, the aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that functional and histological outcomes will be significantly improved by daily preclinical neurorehabilitation consisting of two 3-hr periods of EE vs. a single 6-hr session. Anesthetized adult male rats received a controlled cortical impact of moderate-to-severe injury (2.8mm tissue deformation at 4m/s) or sham surgery and were then randomly assigned to groups receiving standard (STD) housing, a single 6-hr session of EE, or two 3-hr sessions of EE daily for 3weeks. Motor function (beam-balance/traversal) and acquisition of spatial learning/memory retention (Morris water maze) were assessed on post-operative days 1-5 and 14-19, respectively. Cortical lesion volume was quantified on day 21. Both EE conditions improved motor function and acquisition of spatial learning, and reduced cortical lesion volume relative to STD housing (p<0.05), but did not differ from one another in any endpoint (p>0.05). The findings replicate previous work showing that 6-hr of EE daily is sufficient to confer behavioral and histological benefits after TBI and extend the findings by demonstrating that the benefits are comparable regardless of how the 6-hrs of EE are accrued. The relevance of the finding is that it can be extrapolated to the clinic and may benefit patients who cannot endure a single extended period of neurorehabilitation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.