ArticleMolecular neurobiology2018
Lhx9 Is Required for the Development of Retinal Nitric Oxide-Synthesizing Amacrine Cell Subtype.
Article in Molecular neurobiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- The extreme diversity of retinal amacrine cells has deep evolutionary roots.Science advances · 2026Article
- The Extreme Diversity Of Retinal Amacrine Cells Has Deep Evolutionary Roots.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Loss of Conserved Noncoding Elements Likely Shaped the Evolution of Regressed Phenotypes in Cavefish.Genome biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Article
- Expression of SH3 and Multiple Ankyrin Repeat Domains Protein 3 in Mouse Retina.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Article
- Article
- LIM Homeobox 4 (lhx4) regulates retinal neural differentiation and visual function in zebrafish.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- A human cell atlas of fetal gene expression.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Article
- Connectomic analysis reveals an interneuron with an integral role in the retinal circuit for night vision.eLife · 2020Article
- Necessity and Sufficiency of Ldb1 in the Generation, Differentiation and Maintenance of Non-photoreceptor Cell Types During Retinal Development.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Amacrine cells are the most diverse group of retinal neurons. Various subtypes of amacrine interneurons mediate a vast majority of image forming and non-image forming visual functions. The transcriptional regulation governing the development of individual amacrine cell subtypes is not well understood. One such amacrine cell subtype comprises neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS/bNOS/NOS1)-expressing amacrine cells (NOACs) that regulate the release of nitric oxide (NO), a neurotransmitter with physiological and clinical implications in the retina. We have identified the LIM-homeodomain transcription factor LHX9 to be necessary for the genesis of NOACs. During retinal development, NOACs express Lhx9, and Lhx9-null retinas lack NOACs. Lhx9-null retinas also display aberrations in dendritic stratification at the inner plexiform layer. Our cell lineage-tracing studies show that Lhx9-expressing cells give rise to both the GAD65 and GAD67 expressing sub-populations of GABAergic amacrine cells. As development proceeds, Lhx9 is downregulated in the GAD65 sub-population of GABAergic cells and is largely restricted to the GAD67 sub-population of amacrine cells that NOACs are a part of. Taken together, we have uncovered Lhx9 as a new molecular marker that defines a subset of amacrine cells and show that it is necessary for the development of the NOAC subtype of amacrine cells.
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