ArticleScientific reports2017
APOE-ɛ4 effects on longitudinal decline in olfactory and non-olfactory cognitive abilities in middle-aged and old adults.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- The APOLLO trial: a proof-of-concept study for vitamin A nasal drops in COVID-19-related postinfectious olfactory dysfunction.Chemical senses · 2026Trial
- Blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and olfactory decline over 15 years in older adults.GeroScience · 2026Article
- APOE ε4 carriage is associated with olfactory-hippocampal tract functional connectivity.Brain imaging and behavior · 2026Article
- Olfaction and Plasma Biomarkers of Alzheimer Disease and Neurodegeneration in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.Neurology · 2025Article
- Aging and chronic inflammation: impacts on olfactory dysfunction-a comprehensive review.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Review
- Brain activation in older adults during odor identification is related to ApoE, t-tau/AβNeurobiology of aging · 2025Article
- Impact of medication use on olfactory performance in older adults.Frontiers in public health · 2025Observational
- Olfactory and cognitive decrements in 1991 Gulf War veterans with gulf war illness/chronic multisymptom illness.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2024Article
- An experimental framework for conjoint measures of olfaction, navigation, and motion as pre-clinical biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2024Review
- fNIRS a novel neuroimaging tool to investigate olfaction, olfactory imagery, and crossmodal interactions: a systematic review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- Evaluation of the NIH Toolbox Odor Identification Test across normal cognition, amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and dementia due to Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Association ofNeurology · 2023Article
- Factors Associated with Poor Olfaction and Olfactory Decline in Older Adults in the ARIC Neurocognitive Study.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Subjective Impairments in Olfaction and Cognition Predict Dissociated Behavioral Outcomes.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2023Article
- Brain apolipoprotein E levels in mice challenged by a Western diet increase in an allele-dependent manner.Aging brain · 2023Article
- Olfactory Decline in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment with and without Comorbidities.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Olfactory Measures as Predictors of Conversion to Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- Joint trajectories of episodic memory and odor identification in older adults: patterns and predictors.Aging · 2021Article
- Olfactory impairment in men and mice related to aging and amyloid-induced pathology.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2021Review
- Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study of Olfactory Identification Deficit in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Characterizing aging-related decline trajectories in mental abilities, and relationships of the ɛ4 allele of the Apolipoprotein gene, helps to identify individuals at high risk for dementia. However, longitudinal changes in olfactory and non-olfactory cognitive abilities have not been investigated in relation to the ɛ4 allele. In the present study, participants from a large population-based study (657 middle-aged and 556 old) were tested over 10 years on their performance on an odor identification task and three non-olfactory cognitive tasks; MMSE, episodic memory, and semantic memory. Our key finding is that in middle-aged participants, odor identification declined twice as fast for ɛ4/4 homozygotes, compared to non-carriers. However, in old participants, the ɛ4/4 homozygotes showed an impaired odor identification ability, but they declined at a similar rate as the non-carriers. Furthermore, in old participants all assessments displayed aging-related declines, but exaggerated declines in ɛ4-carriers were found only in MMSE and episodic memory assessments. In sum, we present evidence that odor identification ability starts to decline already in middle-aged, and that carriers of ɛ4/4, who are at highest risk of developing dementia, decline twice as fast. Our results may have implications for use of odor identification assessment in detection of early-stage dementia.
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