SynthesisAmerican journal of preventive medicine2017
Neighborhood Environment and Cognition in Older Adults: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in American journal of preventive medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 149 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
149 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A meta-analytical umbrella review assessing urban environment exposures and cognitive health outcomes.Age and ageing · 2026Pooled it
- Neighbourhood-built environment and cognitive or social health in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: an umbrella review.BMC geriatrics · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review on the associations between built environment and mental health among older people.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Social class and the risk of dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prospective longitudinal studies.Scandinavian journal of public health · 2023Pooled it
- Is Greenness Associated with Dementia? A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis.Current environmental health reports · 2022Pooled it
- A systematic review of geographic indices of disadvantage with implications for older adults.JCI insight · 2021Pooled it
- Lasting effects of redlining: The association of historical redlining and cognitive function in older Black adults.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2026Article
- Neighborhood greenspace and brain imaging outcomes in older adults without dementia from three US Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers.Health & place · 2026Article
- A world view: Considerations of sociocultural diversity in the study of subjective cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Association Between Changes in Perceived Neighborhood and Cognitive Performance Within Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the Life Span (HANDLS) Black Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Young adult urbanicity, late midlife neighborhood disadvantage, and cognitive functioning in community-dwelling older men.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- The social environment and cognitive aging over the life course: laying out critical concepts and research gaps.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Locus of control moderates the effects of residential segregation on everyday functioning in Black older adults from the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly study.Neuropsychology · 2026Article
- Gentrification and Cognitive Aging: Examining Neighborhood Change and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.Research square · 2026Article
- Multidomain prediction of education-stratified MoCA-defined mild cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults in urban China.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- The Modifying Effect of Individual-Level Neighborhood Perceptions on the Relationship Between Census-Level Neighborhood Social Vulnerability and Cognition in Older Latinos.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Aging beyond diagnosis: the MRI brain age gap across disorders.GeroScience · 2026Review
- Racial/ethnic variation of neighborhood social cohesion, loneliness, and cognitive functioning among midlife and older U.S. adults.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Driving the neural exposome: Latent mobility states from naturalistic GPS data in older adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Gender differences in the influence of environmental hazards on dementia in older adults.The Gerontologist · 2026Article
89 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextSome evidence suggests that treating vascular risk factors and performing mentally stimulating activities may delay cognitive impairment onset in older adults. Exposure to a complex neighborhood environment may be one mechanism to help delay cognitive decline. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: PubMed, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertation and Theses Global database were systematically reviewed, identifying 25 studies published from February 1, 1989 to March 5, 2016 (data synthesized, May 3, 2015 to October 7, 2016). The review was restricted to quantitative studies focused on: (1) neighborhood social and built environment and cognition; and (2) community-dwelling adults aged ≥45 years. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: The majority of studies were cross-sectional, U.S.-based, and found at least one significant association. The diversity of measures and neighborhood definitions limited the synthesis of findings in many instances. Evidence was moderately strong for an association between neighborhood SES and cognition, and modest for associations between neighborhood demographics, design, and destination accessibility and cognition. Most studies examining effect modification found significant associations, with some evidence for effect modification of the neighborhood SES-cognition association by individual-level SES. No studies had low risk of bias and many tested multiple associations that increased the chance of a statistically significant finding. Considering the studies to date, the evidence for an association between neighborhood characteristics and cognition is modest.
conclusionsFuture studies should include longitudinal measures of neighborhood characteristics and cognition; examine potential effect modifiers, such as sex and disability; and study mediators that may help elucidate the biological mechanisms linking neighborhood environment and cognition.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.