ArticleJournal of public health (Oxford, England)2018
Inequalities in rural communities: adapting national deprivation indices for rural settings.
Article in Journal of public health (Oxford, England), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Disparities Between Rural and Urban Communities: Response to 18 Months of Diet and Exercise Versus Control for Knee Osteoarthritis and Overweight or Obesity.Arthritis care & research · 2025Trial
- Challenges Associated with Monitoring Long-Term Health Effects After a Major Accident: Lessons from a Large Chemical Fire in England.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- A scoping review of multiple deprivation indices in Europe.European journal of public health · 2025Article
- Article
- The impact of area deprivation on access to and utilization of health services in the last year of life: A retrospective population-based cohort study.Palliative care and social practice · 2025Article
- Market-based instruments to fund nature-based solutions for flood risk management can disproportionately benefit affluent areas.Communications earth & environment · 2025Article
- Leveraging census data to design and implement an area-based deprivation index to assess health inequalities in Ecuador.International journal of population data science · 2025Article
- Community efforts to promote vaccine uptake in a rural setting: a qualitative interview study.Health promotion international · 2023Article
- Investigating the effects of population density of residence and rural/urban classification on rate of influenza-like illness symptoms in England and Wales.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2022Article
- Can an Ecological Index of Deprivation Be Used at the Country Level? The Case of the French Version of the European Deprivation Index (F-EDI).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Developing Dashboards to Address Children's Health Disparities in Ohio.Applied clinical informatics · 2022Article
- Is place or person more important in determining higher rural cancer mortality? A data-linkage study to compare individual versus area-based measures of deprivation.International journal of population data science · 2021Article
- Can you see me? Participant experience of accessing a weight management programme via group videoconference to overcome barriers to engagement.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2021Article
- Co-production of "nature walks for wellbeing" public health intervention for people with severe mental illness: use of theory and practical know-how.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Small-area methods for investigation of environment and health.International journal of epidemiology · 2020Article
- Persisting inequalities in birth outcomes related to neighbourhood deprivation.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2020Article
- Psychometric evaluation of the Family Focused Mental Health Practice Questionnaire in measuring home visitors' family focused practice.PloS one · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Deprivation indices have been widely used in healthcare research and planning in the United Kingdom. Existing indices, however, are dominated by characteristics of urban populations that may be less relevant in capturing the nature of rural deprivation. We explore if deprivation indices can be modified to make them more sensitive to displaying rural disadvantage in England. Methods: The analysis focussed on the 2011 Carstairs Index (Carstairs2011) and the 2010 English Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD2010). We removed all urban areas as identified by the Office for National Statistics Rural-Urban Area Classifications and mapped the Carstairs2011 and IMD2010 across the remaining rural areas using rural-specific quintiles. Results: Our method was effective in displaying much greater heterogeneity in rural areas than was apparent in the original indices. We received positive feedback from Directors of Public Health who confirmed that the observed patterns mirror their experiences and first-hand knowledge on the ground. Conclusions: Our maps of Carstairs2011 and IMD2010 for rural areas might strengthen the evidence base for rural planning and service provision. The modified deprivation indices, however, were not specifically formulated for rural populations and further work is needed to explore alternative input variables to produce a more rural-specific measure of deprivation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.