ArticleMolecular biology and evolution2017
Recent Sex Chromosome Divergence despite Ancient Dioecy in the Willow Salix viminalis.
Article in Molecular biology and evolution, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
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43 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Haplotype-resolved genome assembly of a male Dioscorea alata cultivar reveals the structure and evolution of young sex chromosomes.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2026Article
- Molecular Evolution of a Sex-Linked Inversion Polymorphism in Zebra Finches.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Sex chromosome evolution mediated by a large inversion and a possible switch of the sex determination gene.Genome biology · 2026Article
- Genome Architecture and Speciation in Plants and Animals.Molecular ecology · 2025Review
- Sex-biased expression of sex-linked transcripts in spiny frogs with homomorphic sex chromosomes.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Integrated analyses of transcriptome, metabolome and floral B-class genes reveal sexual dimorphism in Eucommia ulmoides.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- Sex Chromosome Evolution: Hallmarks and Question Marks.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024Review
- Assembly of the poorly differentiated Verasper variegatus W chromosome by different sequencing technologies.Scientific data · 2023Article
- Article
- Slower-X: reduced efficiency of selection in the early stages of X chromosome evolution.Evolution letters · 2023Article
- Differing associations between sex determination and sex-linked inversions in two ecotypes ofEvolution letters · 2022Article
- Article
- Mapping the sex determination region in the Salix F1 hybrid common parent population confirms a ZW system in six diverse species.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Article
- Are plant and animal sex chromosomes really all that different?Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2022Review
- A Selection of Reliable Reference Genes for Gene Expression Analysis in the Female and Male Flowers ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Schistosome W-Linked Genes Inform Temporal Dynamics of Sex Chromosome Evolution and Suggest Candidate for Sex Determination.Molecular biology and evolution · 2021Article
- Genome-wide association mapping uncovers sex-associated copy number variation markers and female hemizygous regions on the W chromosome in Salix viminalis.BMC genomics · 2021Article
- Sex chromosome degeneration, turnover, and sex-biased expression of sex-linked transcripts in African clawed frogs (Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2021Article
- Chromosome-scale assembly of the genome of Salix dunnii reveals a male-heterogametic sex determination system on chromosome 7.Molecular ecology resources · 2021Article
- Extreme Y chromosome polymorphism corresponds to five male reproductive morphs of a freshwater fish.Nature ecology & evolution · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Sex chromosomes can evolve when recombination is halted between a pair of chromosomes, and this can lead to degeneration of the sex-limited chromosome. In the early stages of differentiation sex chromosomes are homomorphic, and even though homomorphic sex chromosomes are very common throughout animals and plants, we know little about the evolutionary forces shaping these types of sex chromosomes. We used DNA- and RNA-Seq data from females and males to explore the sex chromosomes in the female heterogametic willow, Salix viminalis, a species with ancient dioecy but with homomorphic sex chromosomes. We detected no major sex differences in read coverage in the sex determination (SD) region, indicating that the W region has not significantly degenerated. However, single nucleotide polymorphism densities in the SD region are higher in females compared with males, indicating very recent recombination suppression, followed by the accumulation of sex-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms. Interestingly, we identified two female-specific scaffolds that likely represent W-chromosome-specific sequence. We show that genes located in the SD region display a mild excess of male-biased expression in sex-specific tissue, and we use allele-specific gene expression analysis to show that this is the result of masculinization of expression on the Z chromosome rather than degeneration of female-expression on the W chromosome. Together, our results demonstrate that insertion of small DNA fragments and accumulation of sex-biased gene expression can occur before the detectable decay of the sex-limited chromosome.
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