ArticleCancer causes & control : CCC2017
Determinants of stage at diagnosis of breast cancer in Nigerian women: sociodemographic, breast cancer awareness, health care access and clinical factors.
Article in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Stage at Diagnosis and Molecular Subtype Distribution of Breast Cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Pooled it
- Barriers to Radiotherapy Access in Sub-Saharan Africa for Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Pooled it
- Advanced-stage breast cancer diagnosis and its determinants in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC women's health · 2024Pooled it
- Delays in seeking, reaching and access to quality cancer care in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2023Pooled it
- Determinants of Delayed Presentation and Advanced-Stage Diagnosis of Breast Cancer in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2021Pooled it
- Explaining disparities in oncology health systems delays and stage at diagnosis between men and women in Botswana: A cohort study.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Suffering, justice, and scarcity: philosophical reflections on the burden of cancer in LMICS using Nigeria as a case study.Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM · 2026Article
- Factors Contributing to Late Breast Cancer Diagnosis: A Qualitative Study on the Patient's Perspective in Tanzania.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Late-Stage Diagnosis of Breast Cancer in Ghana: Needs for Patient and Public Education.Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2025Article
- Factors Influencing Time to Treatment Initiation for Breast Cancer in Ethiopia.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Assessment of Breast Pathology Reporting Needs and Development of Tumor Synoptic Templates in Sub-Saharan Africa.Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine · 2025Article
- Predictors of advanced-stage presentation among patients with a diagnosis of breast and cervical cancer in Ethiopia.The oncologist · 2025Article
- Breast cancer shares many epidemiological, lifestyle, and local hormonal and metabolic underpinnings with endometrial and ovarian cancer: a narrative review.Translational breast cancer research : a journal focusing on translational research in breast cancer · 2025Review
- The out-of-pocket cost of breast cancer care in Nigeria: A prospective analysis.Journal of cancer policy · 2024Article
- Geospatial disparities in survival of patients with breast cancer in sub-Saharan Africa from the African Breast Cancer-Disparities in Outcomes cohort (ABC-DO): a prospective cohort study.The Lancet. Global health · 2024Article
- Drivers of disparities in stage at diagnosis among women with breast cancer: South African breast cancers and HIV outcomes cohort.PloS one · 2023Article
- Leisure-time physical activity is associated with reduced risks of breast cancer and triple negative breast cancer in Nigerian women.Cancer epidemiology · 2022Article
- The out-of-pocket cost of breast cancer care at a public tertiary care hospital in Nigeria: an exploratory analysis.The Pan African medical journal · 2022Article
- Socio-economic status and the risk of breast cancer among Nigerian women: a case control study.The Pan African medical journal · 2022Article
- Naïve Bayesian network-based contribution analysis of tumor biology and healthcare factors to racial disparity in breast cancer stage-at-diagnosis.Health information science and systems · 2021Article
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14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeAdvanced stage at diagnosis is a common feature of breast cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), contributing to poor survival rates. Understanding its determinants is key to preventing deaths from this cancer in SSA.
methodsWithin the Nigerian Integrative Epidemiology of Breast Cancer Study, a multicentred case-control study on breast cancer, we studied factors affecting stage at diagnosis of cases, i.e. women diagnosed with histologically confirmed invasive breast cancer between January 2014 and July 2016 at six secondary and tertiary hospitals in Nigeria. Stage was assessed using clinical and imaging methods. Ordinal logistic regression was used to examine associations of sociodemographic, breast cancer awareness, health care access and clinical factors with odds of later stage (I, II, III or IV) at diagnosis.
resultsA total of 316 women were included, with a mean age (SD) of 45.4 (11.4) years. Of these, 94.9% had stage information: 5 (1.7%), 92 (30.7%), 157 (52.4%) and 46 (15.3%) were diagnosed at stages I, II, III and IV, respectively. In multivariate analyses, lower educational level (odds ratio (OR) 2.35, 95% confidence interval: 1.04, 5.29), not believing in a cure for breast cancer (1.81: 1.09, 3.01), and living in a rural area (2.18: 1.05, 4.51) were strongly associated with later stage, whilst age at diagnosis, tumour grade and oestrogen receptor status were not. Being Muslim (vs. Christian) was associated with lower odds of later stage disease (0.46: 0.22, 0.94).
conclusionOur findings suggest that factors that are amenable to intervention concerning breast cancer awareness and health care access, rather than intrinsic tumour characteristics, are the strongest determinants of stage at diagnosis in Nigerian women.
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