ArticlePloS one2017
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival in drug-related versus cardiac causes in Ontario: A retrospective cohort study.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Characteristics and outcomes of younger adults with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a nationwide study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Observational
- Naloxone and Clinical Outcomes in Suspected Opioid-Associated Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Feasibility of public CPR training kiosks to increase bystander resuscitation: a Monte Carlo simulation study.Resuscitation plus · 2026Article
- Validation of the naloxone cardiac arrest decision instrument for identifying opioid-associated cardiac arrests.Resuscitation · 2025Article
- Barriers to bystander interventions in suspected opioid-associated out-of-hospital cardiac arrests: A multiple methods study of 9-1-1 calls.Resuscitation · 2025Article
- A chain of survival for drug overdose.Resuscitation plus · 2025Article
- Evaluating the accuracy of surrogate markers for identifying opioid-associated out-of-hospital cardiac arrests.Resuscitation · 2025Article
- Review
- The outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest based on the etiology of cardiac arrest; A scoping review.PloS one · 2025Article
- Naloxone and Patient Outcomes in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests in California.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Trends in presumed drug overdose out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in San Francisco, 2015-2023.Resuscitation · 2024Article
- Presentation and Outcomes of Adults With Overdose-Related Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Nationwide population-based study of poisoning-induced out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in South Korea.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Severe cerebral edema in substance-related cardiac arrest patients.Resuscitation · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDrug overdose causes approximately 183,000 deaths worldwide annually and 50,000 deaths in Canada and the United States combined. Drug-related deaths are concentrated among young people, leading to a substantial burden of disease and loss of potential life years. Understanding the epidemiology, patterns of care, and prognosis of drug-related prehospital emergencies may lead to improved outcomes.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests with drug-related and presumed cardiac causes between 2007 and 2013 using the Toronto Regional RescuNet Epistry database. The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. We computed standardized case fatality rates, and odds ratios of survival to hospital discharge for cardiac arrests with drug-related versus presumed cardiac causes, adjusting for confounders using logistic regression.
resultsThe analysis involved 21,497 cardiac arrests, including 378 (1.8%) drug-related and 21,119 (98.2%) presumed cardiac. Compared with the presumed cardiac group, drug-related arrest patients were younger and less likely to receive bystander resuscitation, have initial shockable cardiac rhythms, or be transported to hospital. There were no significant differences in emergency medical service response times, return of spontaneous circulation, or survival to discharge. Standardized case fatality rates confirmed that these effects were not due to age or sex differences. Adjusting for known predictors of survival, drug-related cardiac arrest was associated with increased odds of survival to hospital discharge (OR1.44, 95%CI 1.15-1.81).
interpretationIn out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, patients with drug-related causes are less likely than those with presumed cardiac causes to receive bystander resuscitation or have an initial shockable rhythm, but are more likely to survive after accounting for predictors of survival. The demographics and outcomes among drug-related cardiac arrest patients offers unique opportunities for prehospital intervention.
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