ArticleScientific reports2016
Nitric Oxide (NO) Mediates the Inhibition of Form-Deprivation Myopia by Atropine in Chicks.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 298 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of atropine on changes in choroidal thickness in children with myopia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of atropine on choroidal thickness in myopic children: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of tropicamide and compound tropicamide eye drops on ocular biological parameters and choroid thickness in children.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Trial
- Effects of Atropine Treatment on Choroidal Thickness in Myopic Children.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Trial
- Role of Autophagy in Scleral Remodeling During Form-Deprivation Myopia.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Gases in Biomedicine: Updates on Nitric Oxide and Beyond.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Review
- Short-term effects of atropine on the retina and choroid in young adults.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2026Article
- Navigating the Core Challenges of Atropine Therapy in Myopia: A Mechanistic and Clinical Analysis of Dose, Response, and Durability.Journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Proteomic profiling of spontaneous myopia in guinea pigs.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Role of BDNF in form-deprivation myopia progression in guinea pigs.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Childhood Myopia Part II: Treatment Mechanisms, Emerging Options, and Considerations.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Review
- Interpretation of expert consensus on the application of low-concentration atropine eye drops in the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents.Pediatric investigation · 2025Article
- Peripheral retinal irradiation with low-energy red light can effectively and safely delay the progression of myopia.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Effect of 0.025% atropine on ocular biometry changes during accommodation.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2025Article
- Topical review: Potential mechanisms of atropine for myopia control.Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry · 2025Review
- Evaluation of Static and Dynamic Pupil and Light Sensitivity to a Single Drop of Various Concentrations of Low-Dose Atropine (0.01%, 0.025%, and 0.05%).Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Efficacy of weekly dose of 1% atropine for myopia control in Chinese children.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Lactylome analysis reveals potential target modified proteins in the retina of form-deprivation myopia.iScience · 2024Article
- Chemically induced cone degeneration in the 13-lined ground squirrel.Visual neuroscience · 2024Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Myopia is the most common childhood refractive disorder. Atropine inhibits myopia progression, but its mechanism is unknown. Here, we show that myopia-prevention by atropine requires production of nitric oxide (NO). Form-deprivation myopia (FDM) was induced in week-old chicks by diffusers over the right eye (OD); the left eye (OS) remained ungoggled. On post-goggling days 1, 3, and 5, OD received intravitreally 20 µL of phosphate-buffered saline (vehicle), or vehicle plus: NO source: L-arginine (L-Arg, 60-6,000 nmol) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 10-1,000 nmol); atropine (240 nmol); NO inhibitors: L-NIO or L-NMMA (6 nmol); negative controls: D-Arg (10 µmol) or D-NMMA (6 nmol); or atropine plus L-NIO, L-NMMA, or D-NMMA; OS received vehicle. On day 6 post-goggling, refractive error, axial length, equatorial diameter, and wet weight were measured. Vehicle-injected goggled eyes developed significant FDM. This was inhibited by L-Arg (ED50 = 400 nmol) or SNP (ED50 = 20 nmol), but not D-Arg. Higher-dose SNP, but not L-Arg, was toxic to retina/RPE. Atropine inhibited FDM as expected; adding NOS-inhibitors (L-NIO, L-NMMA) to atropine inhibited this effect dose-dependently, but adding D-NMMA did not. Equatorial diameter, wet weight, and metrics of control eyes were not affected by any treatment. In summary, intraocular NO inhibits myopia dose-dependently and is obligatory for inhibition of myopia by atropine.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.