ArticleFrontiers in immunology2017
Pulmonary Delivery of Virosome-Bound Antigen Enhances Antigen-Specific CD4
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Virus Biomimetic-Delivery Systems for the Production of Vaccines.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Modulation of allergic airways disease employing bio-mimetic nanoparticles with TLR agonists.Frontiers in allergy · 2025Article
- Innovative vaccine platforms against infectious diseases: Under the scope of the COVID-19 pandemic.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Biomimetic and immunomodulatory therapeutics as an alternative to natural exosomes for vascular and cardiac applications.Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine · 2021Review
- Article
- The TLR5 Agonist Flagellin Shapes Phenotypical and Functional Activation of Lung Mucosal Antigen Presenting Cells in Neonatal Mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Bioinspired and Biomimetic Nanotherapies for the Treatment of Infectious Diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2019Review
- Mucosal Vaccine Approaches for Prevention of HIV and SIV Transmission.Current immunology reviews · 2019Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pulmonary administration of biomimetic nanoparticles loaded with antigen may represent an effective strategy to directly modulate adaptive immune responses in the respiratory tract. Depending on the design, virosomes may not only serve as biomimetic antigen carriers but are also endowed with intrinsic immune-stimulatory properties. We designed fluorescently labeled influenza-derived virosomes and liposome controls coupled to the model antigen ovalbumin to investigate uptake, phenotype changes, and antigen processing by antigen-presenting cells exposed to such particles in different respiratory tract compartments. Both virosomes and liposomes were captured by pulmonary macrophages and dendritic cells alike and induced activation in particle-bearing cells by upregulation of costimulatory markers such as CD40, CD80, CD86, PD-L1, PD-L2, and ICOS-L. Though antigen processing and accumulation of both coupled and soluble antigen was similar between virosomes and liposomes, only ovalbumin-coupled virosomes generated a strong antigen-specific CD4
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.