ReviewViral immunology
Modes of Action for Mucosal Vaccine Adjuvants.
Review in Viral immunology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an intranasal neuraminidase-based influenza vaccine with bacterial cell membrane-derived adjuvants.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Nasal vaccines for respiratory infections.Nature · 2025Review
- Article
- Differential Immune Response Patterns Induced by Anionic and Cationic Lipid Adjuvants in Intranasal Anti-Influenza Immunization.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Suitability of Polymyxin B as a Mucosal Adjuvant for Intranasal Influenza and COVID-19 Vaccines.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Recent progress in application of nanovaccines for enhancing mucosal immune responses.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2023Review
- New-age vaccine adjuvants, their development, and future perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Intranasal SARS-CoV-2 spike-based immunisation adjuvanted with polyethyleneimine elicits mucosal and systemic humoral responses in mice.Journal of immunological methods · 2022Article
- COVID-19 intranasal vaccines: current progress, advantages, prospects, and challenges.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Review
- A modular and self-adjuvanted multivalent vaccine platform based on porcine circovirus virus-like nanoparticles.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2022Article
- Development of mucosal vaccine delivery: an overview on the mucosal vaccines and their adjuvants.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2022Review
- Role of Interleukin-6 in the Antigen-Specific Mucosal Immunoglobulin A Responses Induced by CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide-Loaded Cationic Liposomes.Membranes · 2022Article
- Review
- Hacking Commensal Bacteria to Consolidate the Adaptive Mucosal Immune Response in the Gut-Lung Axis: Future Possibilities for SARS-CoV-2 Protection.Biotech (Basel (Switzerland)) · 2022Review
- Will Host Genetics Affect the Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines? Historical Precedents.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- Role of Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern/Cell Death Pathways in Vaccine-Induced Immunity.Viruses · 2021Review
- Enhancement of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Mediated Anti-Cancer Immunity by Intranasal Treatment ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Article
- Perspectives for improvement of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccines in pigs.Veterinary research · 2021Review
- Silicone Oil-Based Nanoadjuvants as Candidates for a New Formulation of Intranasal Vaccines.Vaccines · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vaccine adjuvants induce innate immune responses and the addition of adjuvants to the vaccine helps to induce protective immunity in the host. Vaccines utilizing live attenuated or killed whole pathogens usually contain endogenous adjuvants, such as bacterial cell wall products and their genomic nucleic acids, which act as pathogen-associated molecular patterns and are sufficient to induce adaptive immune responses. However, purified protein- or antigen-based vaccines, including component or recombinant vaccines, usually lose these endogenous innate immune stimulators, so the addition of an exogenous adjuvant is essential for the success of these vaccine types. Although this adjuvant requirement is mostly the same for parental and mucosal vaccines, the development of mucosal vaccine adjuvants requires the specialized consideration of adapting the adjuvants to characteristic mucosal conditions. This review provides a brief overview of mucosa-associated immune response induction processes, such as antigen uptake and dendritic cell subset-dependent antigen presentation. It also highlights several mucosal vaccine adjuvants from recent reports, particularly focusing on their modes of action.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.