ArticleThe Journal of pediatrics2017
The Limitations of Transforming Very High Body Mass Indexes into z-Scores among 8.7 Million 2- to 4-Year-Old Children.
Article in The Journal of pediatrics, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05041855 (Family Inclusive Childhood Obesity Treatment Designed for Low Income and Hispanic Families), which is not on this map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Family Inclusive Childhood Obesity Treatment Designed for Low Income and Hispanic Families
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A systematic review of the relationship between portion size and indexes of adiposity in children.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025Pooled it
- Body Mass Index Trajectories and Biomarkers of Cardiometabolic Risk in Children from Low-Income and Racially and Ethnically Diverse Households.Childhood obesity (Print) · 2024Trial
- Association of trimester-specific gestational weight gain with child BMI by maternal BMI categories in community-based healthcare organizations.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Article
- Two-Year Outcomes for the Active and Healthy Families Pediatric Obesity Group Intervention for Families in an Emerging Latinx Community: a Mixed Methods Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Assessment of BMI percentages of obesity thresholds and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents: a retrospective cross-sectional study in Beijing.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Motivational Interviewing-Based Wellness Coaching for Kids and Families (WC4K) Program in Pediatric Obesity Care: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Pragmatic Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Effect of Topiramate on Weight Status in Young Children With Severe Obesity.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Impact of COVID-19 Diagnosis on Weight Trajectories of Children in the US National COVID Cohort Collaborative.Childhood obesity (Print) · 2025Article
- Impact of COVID-19 Diagnosis on Weight Trajectories of Children in the US National COVID Cohort Collaborative.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Prediction of resting energy expenditure for adolescents with severe obesity: A multi-centre analysis.Pediatric obesity · 2024Article
- Advantages and Limitations of the Body Mass Index (BMI) to Assess Adult Obesity.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Review
- Residential Density Is Associated With BMI Trajectories in Children and Adolescents: Findings From the Moving to Health Study.AJPM focus · 2024Article
- More than just body mass index: Using the Edmonton obesity staging system for pediatrics to define obesity severity in a multi-ethnic Australian pediatric clinical cohort.Obesity science & practice · 2023Article
- A height-weight formula to measure body fat in childhood obesity.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2022Article
- Assessment, differential diagnosis, and initial clinical evaluation of the pediatric patient with obesity: An Obesity Medical Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement 2022.Obesity pillars · 2022Article
- Metrics matter: Toward consensus reporting of BMI and weight-related outcomes in pediatric obesity clinical trials.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2022Article
- Decreasing severity of obesity from early to late adolescence and young adulthood associates with longitudinal metabolomic changes implicated in lower cardiometabolic disease risk.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2022Article
- Kids N Fitness Junior: Outcomes of an Evidence-Based Adapted Weight Management Program for Children Ages Three-Seven Years.Childhood obesity (Print) · 2022Article
- Packaging and Scaling the Stanford Pediatric Weight Control Program: A Family-Based, Group, Behavioral Weight Management Program for Children with Obesity and Their Families: Background, Rationale, and Design of the Stanford CORD 3.0 Project.Childhood obesity (Print) · 2021Article
- Obesogenic home food availability, diet, and BMI in Pakistani and White toddlers.Maternal & child nutrition · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the associations among several body mass index (BMI) metrics (z-scores, percent of the 95th percentile (%BMI STUDY
designCross-sectional analyses of 8.7 million 2- to 4-year-old children who were examined from 2008 through 2011 in the CDC's Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System.
resultsBecause of the transformation used to calculate z-scores, the theoretical maximum BMIz varied by >3-fold across ages. This results in the conversion of very high BMIs into a narrow range of z-scores that varied by sex and age. Among children with severe obesity, levels of BMIz were only moderately correlated (r ~ 0.5) with %BMI
conclusionsThe effective upper limit of BMIz values calculated from the CDC growth charts, which varies by sex and age, strongly influences the calculation of z-scores for children with severe obesity. Expressing these very high BMIs relative to the CDC 95th percentile, either as a difference or percentage, would be preferable to using BMI-for-age, particularly when assessing the effectiveness of interventions.
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