Observational studyNeurocritical care2017
Early-Onset Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Consequences in Cerebral Oxygenation and Outcome.
Observational study in Neurocritical care, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic Factors Associated with Pneumonia in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Neurocritical care · 2026Pooled it
- Definitions of hospital-acquired pneumonia in trauma research: a systematic review.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2024Pooled it
- Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Meta-analysis.Neurocritical care · 2020Pooled it
- Epidemiology and Outcomes of Battlefield-Related Penetrating and Closed Traumatic Brain Injuries Compared to Non-Head Injuries: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Military medicine · 2026Article
- Development and validation of a predictive nomogram for ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with traumatic brain injury: based on the MIMIC-IV database.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Neuro-immune dysregulation after traumatic brain injury: immunomodulatory strategies to prevent infectious complications.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) in Neurocritical Patients: The Hidden Dialog of Brain and Infection.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- C-reactive protein to albumin ratio and Glasgow Coma Scale score as the predictors for weaning outcomes in traumatic brain injury.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Pulmonary contusion volume and radiomics as predictors of early-onset pneumonia in trauma patients, a retrospective single-centre study.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2025Observational
- Interleukin-6 and its association with outcome in traumatic brain injury: a prospective cohort.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Admission braden scale is an effective marker for predicting pneumonia in critically ill patients with traumatic brain injury.Neurosurgical review · 2025Article
- Observational Study of Microbial Colonization and Infection in Neurological Intensive Care Patients Based on Electronic Health Records.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Mid-Term Outcomes and Prognosis of Decompressive Craniectomy in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina) · 2025Article
- The Impact of Time from Diagnosis to Operating Room on Functional Outcomes in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Retrospective Study.Neurotrauma reports · 2025Article
- Organ crosstalk: brain-lung interaction.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Identifying predictors of nosocomial pneumonia in trauma patients admitted to a level-1 trauma center.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2024Article
- Incidence and risk factors of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Article
- Hospital-acquired infections as a risk factor for post-traumatic epilepsy: A registry-based cohort study.Epilepsia open · 2024Article
- A Modern Approach to the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury.Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEarly-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia (EOVAP) occurs frequently in severe traumatic brain-injured patients, but potential consequences on cerebral oxygenation and outcome have been poorly studied. The objective of this study was to describe the incidence, risk factors for, and consequences on cerebral oxygenation and outcome of EOVAP after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).
methodsWe conducted a retrospective, observational study including all intubated TBI admitted in the trauma center. An EOVAP was defined as a clinical pulmonary infection score >6, and then confirmed by an invasive method. Patient characteristics, computed tomography (CT) scan results, and outcome were extracted from a prospective register of all intubated TBI admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU). Data concerning the cerebral oxygenation monitoring by PbtO
resultsDuring 7 years, 175 patients with severe TBI were included. The overall incidence of EOVAP was 60.6% (47.4/1000 days of ventilation). Significant risk factors of EOVAP were: therapeutic hypothermia (OR 3.4; 95% CI [1.2-10.0]), thoracic AIS score ≥3 (OR 2.4; 95% CI [1.1-5.7]), and gastric aspiration (OR 5.2, 95% CI [1.7-15.9]). Prophylactic antibiotics administration was a protective factor against EOVAP (OR 0.3, 95% CI [0.1-0.8]). EOVAP had negative consequences on cerebral oxygenation. The PbtO
conclusionsEOVAP is frequent after a severe TBI (overall rate: 61%), with therapeutic hypothermia, severe thoracic lesion, and gastric aspiration as main risk factors. EOVAP had a negative impact on cerebral oxygenation measured by PbtO
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.