ReviewNPJ primary care respiratory medicine2017
The Breathing, Thinking, Functioning clinical model: a proposal to facilitate evidence-based breathlessness management in chronic respiratory disease.
Review in NPJ primary care respiratory medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- BreathCarer: Informal carers of patients with chronic breathlessness: a mixed-methods systematic review of burden, needs, coping, and support interventions.BMC palliative care · 2025Pooled it
- Multicomponent services for symptoms in serious respiratory illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024Pooled it
- Holistic services for people with advanced disease and chronic breathlessness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Thorax · 2019Pooled it
- Alleviation of Dyspnea and Changes in Physical Activity Level by Air Flow to the Face With a Fan.Respiratory care · 2023Trial
- The effect of an integrated palliative care intervention on quality of life and acute healthcare use in patients with COPD: Results of the COMPASSION cluster randomized controlled trial.Palliative medicine · 2023Trial
- Expected breathlessness is overestimated compared to experienced: a mobile ecological momentary assessment study.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Article
- BREATHE: an educational approach for optimising the management of chronic respiratory diseases in primary care.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Co-designing a primary care delivered, breathlessness, self-management intervention for people with chronic respiratory disease.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- Interstitial lung disease fatigue and breathlessness (ILD-FAB) programme: a multidisciplinary feasibility study.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Article
- Efficacy of a two-dimensional intervention model combining breathing training and psychological support for dyspnea management in patients with advanced cancer: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Fear of Missing Out and Its Association with Respiratory Symptoms in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Who Use Short-Video Platforms.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Article
- Breathlessness Matters - Australian Cohort Study Evaluating the Impact of a Multidisciplinary, Home-Based Breathlessness Intervention Service Targeting Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Article
- Relationship of breathlessness with social isolation and loneliness: a nationally representative cohort study of older adults in England.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Non-Pharmacological Breathlessness Action Plans for People with COPD and Their Support People: A Scoping Review and Survey of Current Practice.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Article
- Quality of life associated with breathlessness in the multinational Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study: A cross-sectional analysis.Pulmonology · 2025Article
- Diminishing activities of daily living as severity of chronic breathlessness worsens: a national, cross-sectional survey.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Article
- Experiences and management of breathing and shortness of breath in patients with chronic heart failure - a qualitative study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Don't ask, don't tell (DADT): under-recognition of breathlessness in clinical care-a national survey.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Article
- Managing breathlessness for people with advanced respiratory disease.ERJ open research · 2025Review
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Refractory breathlessness is a highly prevalent and distressing symptom in advanced chronic respiratory disease. Its intensity is not reliably predicted by the severity of lung pathology, with unhelpful emotions and behaviours inadvertently exacerbating and perpetuating the problem. Improved symptom management is possible if clinicians choose appropriate non-pharmacological approaches, but these require engagement and commitment from both patients and clinicians. The Breathing Thinking Functioning clinical model is a proposal, developed from current evidence, that has the potential to facilitate effective symptom control, by providing a rationale and focus for treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.