Observational studyThorax2017
A prospective, observational cohort study of the seasonal dynamics of airway pathogens in the aetiology of exacerbations in COPD.
Observational study in Thorax, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 116 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Contribution of Infectious Pathogens to Acute Respiratory Illness in Adults and Elderly
Early Diagnostic BioMARKers in Exacerbations of COPD: the MARKED Study
Who cites it
116 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The safety and efficacy of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis vaccine in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- A 7-point evidence-based care discharge protocol for patients hospitalized for exacerbation of COPD: consensus strategy and expert recommendation.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Lung mucosal immunity to NTHi vaccine antigens: Antibodies in sputum of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Trial
- Immunogenicity and safety of the non-typableHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of three doses of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae-Moraxella catarrhalis (NTHi-Mcat) vaccine when administered according to two different schedules: a phase 2, randomised, observer-blind study.Respiratory research · 2022Trial
- Assessment of bacterial exposure on phagocytic capability and surface marker expression of sputum macrophages and neutrophils in COPD patients.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2021Trial
- C-reactive protein point-of-care testing for safely reducing antibiotics for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the PACE RCT.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease harbour a variation of Haemophilus species.Scientific reports · 2018Trial
- Seasonal variations in exacerbations and deaths in patients with COPD during the TIOSPIRInternational journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2018Trial
- Stability and age-specific patterns of rhinovirus circulation in children observed over 3 decades.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2026Article
- Bronchial and Systemic Relationships ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- An integrated complete-genome sequencing and systems biology approach to predict antimicrobial resistance genes in the virulent bacterial strains of Moraxella catarrhalis.Briefings in functional genomics · 2026Article
- Physical activity attenuates PD-1/PD-L1 expression and enhances CD4⁺ T-cell function in COPD patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Creation of a Novel Coding Program to Identify Genes Controlled by miRNAs During Human Rhinovirus Infection.Methods and protocols · 2025Article
- Host-pathogen interaction profiling of nontypeablemSphere · 2025Article
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Developments in Pharmacological Treatments.Drugs · 2025Review
- Review
- Nocturnal respiratory support with nasal high flow in hypercapnic COPD: a randomised, crossover trial.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- Hidden in plain sight: the impact of human rhinovirus infection in adults.Respiratory research · 2025Review
56 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe aetiology of acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) is incompletely understood. Understanding the relationship between chronic bacterial airway infection and viral exposure may explain the incidence and seasonality of these events.
methodsIn this prospective, observational cohort study (NCT01360398), patients with COPD aged 40-85 years underwent sputum sampling monthly and at exacerbation for detection of bacteria and viruses. Results are presented for subjects in the full cohort, followed for 1 year. Interactions between exacerbation occurrence and pathogens were investigated by generalised estimating equation and stratified conditional logistic regression analyses.
findingsThe mean exacerbation rate per patient-year was 3.04 (95% CI 2.63 to 3.50). At AECOPD, the most common bacterial species were non-typeable
conclusionsAECOPD aetiology varies with season. Rises in incidence in winter may be driven by increased pathogen presence as well as an interaction between NTHi airway infection and effects of viral infection. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Results, NCT01360398.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.