ArticleScientific reports2017
Estrogen reprograms the activity of neutrophils to foster protumoral microenvironment during mammary involution.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Could the estrobolome have a role in endometriosis pathogenesis and infertility? A systematic review.BMC women's health · 2025Pooled it
- Diagnostic significance of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in endometriosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC women's health · 2023Pooled it
- Intratumoral pro-oxidants promote cancer immunotherapy by recruiting and reprogramming neutrophils to eliminate tumors.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2023Pooled it
- Selective estrogen receptor degraders and their effect on the breast cancer immune microenvironment.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Prognostic significance and tumor cell interactions of tumor-associated neutrophils in gastric cancer.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Postpartum breast cancer as a distinct oncologic entity: linking physiological tissue remodelling to tumor biology and clinical translation.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Review
- Sex differences in innate immune cell responses: Impact on cancer immunity and response to therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Sex differences in immune cells: mechanistic perspectives and clinical correlates in physiology and disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Microbiota insights in endometriosis.Microbiome · 2025Review
- Systemic Immune Profiling Reveals Candidate Biomarkers in Luminal A Breast Cancer: A Comparative Pilot Study.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Analysis of immune characteristics and inflammatory mechanisms in COPD patients: a multi-layered study combining bulk and single-cell transcriptome analysis and machine learning.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Sex bias in tumor immunity: insights from immune cells.Theranostics · 2025Review
- Regulation of Stromal Cells by Sex Steroid Hormones in the Breast Cancer Microenvironment.Cancers · 2024Review
- Article
- Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Mammary Adenocarcinoma, MCa-P1362, with Hormone Receptor Expression, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Positivity, and Enrichment in Cancer and Mesenchymal Stem Cells.The American journal of pathology · 2024Article
- Hallmarks of sex bias in immuno-oncology: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2024Article
- Positive association between advanced lung cancer inflammation index and gallstones, with greater impact on women: a cross-sectional study of the NHANES database.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Estradiol Augments Tumor-Induced Neutrophil Production to Promote Tumor Cell Actions in Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Models.Endocrinology · 2023Article
- Sex-the most underappreciated variable in research: insights from helminth-infected hosts.Veterinary research · 2022Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have indicated increased risk for breast cancer within 10 years of childbirth. Acute inflammation during mammary involution has been suggested to promote this parity-associated breast cancer. We report here that estrogen exacerbates mammary inflammation during involution. Microarray analysis shows that estrogen induces an extensive proinflammatory gene signature in the involuting mammary tissue. This is associated with estrogen-induced neutrophil infiltration. Furthermore, estrogen induces the expression of protumoral cytokines/chemokines, COX-2 and tissue-remodeling enzymes in isolated mammary neutrophils and systemic neutrophil depletion abolished estrogen-induced expression of these genes in mammary tissue. More interestingly, neutrophil depletion diminished estrogen-induced growth of ERα-negative mammary tumor 4T1 in Balb/c mice. These findings highlight a novel aspect of estrogen action that reprograms the activity of neutrophils to create a pro-tumoral microenvironment during mammary involution. This effect on the microenvironment would conceivably aggravate its known neoplastic effect on mammary epithelial cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.