ArticlePediatric diabetes2018
Nighttime is the worst time: Parental fear of hypoglycemia in young children with type 1 diabetes.
Article in Pediatric diabetes, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 139 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of hybrid closed-loop systems in children aged < 7 years with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Pediatric diabetes · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Feasibility and Preliminary Safety of Smartphone-Based Automated Insulin Delivery in Adolescents and Children With Type 1 Diabetes.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2024Trial
- Twelve-month psychosocial outcomes of continuous glucose monitoring with behavioural support in parents of young children with type 1 diabetes.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2023Trial
- Long-term Continuous Glucose Monitor Use in Very Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes: One-Year Results From the SENCE Study.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2023Trial
- Pilot Trial of a Sleep-Promoting Intervention for Children With Type 1 Diabetes.Journal of pediatric psychology · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Safety and Performance of the Omnipod Hybrid Closed-Loop System in Adults, Adolescents, and Children with Type 1 Diabetes Over 5 Days Under Free-Living Conditions.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2020Trial
- Intervention to reduce hypoglycemia fear in parents of young kids using video-based telehealth (REDCHiP).Pediatric diabetes · 2020Trial
- Effect of Injection Site Cooling and Warming on Insulin Glargine Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2019Trial
- Fear of hypoglycaemia and parent sleep disturbance in families of young children with type 1 diabetes.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026Article
- Fear of Nighttime Hypoglycemia: Perspectives of Diabetes Providers and Caregivers.Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings · 2026Article
- Supporting Parents of Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes Through Telehealth: Randomized Controlled Trial of the Reducing Emotional Distress for Childhood Hypoglycemia in Parents Intervention.JMIR pediatrics and parenting · 2026Article
- Lived experiences of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and their parents: a qualitative descriptive study from eastern India.BMJ open · 2026Article
- A Review of the Fear of Hypoglycemia Literature in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes and their Caregivers.Current diabetes reports · 2026Review
- Improving Diabetes Care Through Teamwork, Comprehensive Education, Tighter Goals, and Technology: Single-Center Data from TürkiyeJournal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology · 2026Article
- The Relationship Between Clinical Profiles, Glycemic Parameters, and Hypoglycemia in Pediatric Patients with Type 1 Diabetes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Safety and Glycemic Outcomes Among Youth With New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Using a Tubeless Automated Insulin Delivery System.Journal of diabetes research · 2026Observational
- Is Automated Insulin Delivery System Therapy Safe and Effective in Children Under Seven Years Old?Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology · 2025Article
- Parent Feedback on the Reducing Emotional Distress for Childhood Hypoglycemia in Parents (REDCHiP) Intervention: A Qualitative Analysis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFear of hypoglycemia is common in parents of young children with type 1 diabetes (T1D), but little is known about the specific fears that parents most often experience. Hypoglycemia fear has been associated with poorer glycemic control in older children, though not yet studied in a large cohort of very young children. MATERIALS AND
methodsParents of 549 children <7 years (mean 5.2 ± 1.2 years [19% <3 years]) with a mean diabetes duration of 2.4 ± 1.0 years (range 1-6 years) and mean HbA1c 8.2% ± 1.1% (66 ± 12 mmol/mol) registered in the T1D Exchange completed the worry scale of the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey modified for parents (HFS-P).
resultsMean parental fear of hypoglycemia worry score was 36.1 ± 23.1 (possible range 0-100), with most frequent worries related to the child having a low while asleep and the child not recognizing a low. The mean worry score was not associated with the child's age, glycemic control, or recent severe hypoglycemic event. Parental worries about lows while sleeping were significantly higher in pump users than non-users (61% vs. 45%; P < .001), and tended to be higher in CGM users than non-users (62% vs 51%; P = .02).
conclusionsThe greatest worries of parents of young children with T1D were related to hypoglycemia during sleep and other times/circumstances during which it would be difficult to detect hypoglycemia. Using advanced diabetes technologies may be an effort to temper fears about hypoglycemia during sleep, though the directionality of this relationship is undetermined. Additional studies can clarify this association and leverage use of diabetes technologies to improve glycemic control.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.