Trial reportBMJ open2017
Zambian Peer Educators for HIV Self-Testing (ZEST) study: rationale and design of a cluster randomised trial of HIV self-testing among female sex workers in Zambia.
Trial report in BMJ open, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02827240 (A Peer Educator-delivered HIV Self-testing Intervention for Female Sex Workers in Zambian Border Towns), which is not on this map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Peer Educator-delivered HIV Self-testing Intervention for Female Sex Workers in Zambian Border Towns
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Men's comfort in distributing or receiving HIV self-test kits from close male social network members in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania: baseline results from the STEP project.BMC public health · 2021Trial
- What happens after HIV self-testing? Results from a longitudinal cohort of Chinese men who have sex with men.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Trial
- The influence of interviewers on survey responses among female sex workers in Zambia.BMC medical research methodology · 2019Trial
- Acceptability of HIV self-testing to support pre-exposure prophylaxis among female sex workers in Uganda and Zambia: results from two randomized controlled trials.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Trial
- Effect of HIV self-testing on the number of sexual partners among female sex workers in Zambia.AIDS (London, England) · 2018Trial
- HIV self-testing among female sex workers in Zambia: A cluster randomized controlled trial.PLoS medicine · 2017Trial
- Contraceptive use and unplanned pregnancy among female sex workers in Zambia.Contraception · 2017Trial
- Peer-education strategies for enhancing sexual health services among female sex workers: a scoping review.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Cross-sectional evaluation of a peer educator-led empowerment initiative for improving participation in cervical precancer screening among female sex workers in Ghana.Ecancermedicalscience · 2025Article
- Scaling Up HIV Self-Testing and Linkage to Care Among Women Who Exchange Sex and/or Use Drugs in Kazakhstan.AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education · 2024Article
- Fieldworker effects on quality of data collected on sensitive questions in National Family Health Surveys: An analysis based on intimate partner violence in India.SSM - population health · 2024Article
- HIV self-testing implementation, distribution and use among female sex workers in Cotonou, Benin: a qualitative evaluation of acceptability and feasibility.BMC public health · 2022Article
- "I felt very small and embarrassed by the health care provider when I requested to be tested for syphilis": barriers and facilitators of regular syphilis and HIV testing among female sex workers in Uganda.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Peer-led HIV care and the UNAIDS 90-90-90 treatment targets in Tigrai, Ethiopia: a cluster randomised trial and economic evaluation ofBMJ open · 2021Article
- Implementation outcomes of HIV self-testing in low- and middle- income countries: A scoping review.PloS one · 2021Article
- Feasibility of an HIV self-testing intervention: a formative qualitative study among individuals, community leaders, and HIV testing experts in northern Tanzania.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Article
- Acceptability of oral HIV self-testing among female sex workers in Gaborone, Botswana.PloS one · 2020Article
- Brief Report: Intimate Partner Violence and Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation Among Female Sex Workers Newly Diagnosed With HIV in Zambia: A Prospective Study.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2018Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHIV testing and knowledge of status are starting points for HIV treatment and prevention interventions. Among female sex workers (FSWs), HIV testing and status knowledge remain far from universal. HIV self-testing (HIVST) is an alternative to existing testing services for FSWs, but little evidence exists how it can be effectively and safely implemented. Here, we describe the rationale and design of a cluster randomised trial designed to inform implementation and scale-up of HIVST programmes for FSWs in Zambia.
methodsThe Zambian Peer Educators for HIV Self-Testing (ZEST) study is a 3-arm cluster randomised trial taking place in 3 towns in Zambia. Participants (N=900) are eligible if they are women who have exchanged sex for money or goods in the previous 1 month, are HIV negative or status unknown, have not tested for HIV in the previous 3 months, and are at least 18 years old. Participants are recruited by peer educators working in their communities. Participants are randomised to 1 of 3 arms: (1) direct distribution (in which they receive an HIVST from the peer educator directly); (2) fixed distribution (in which they receive a coupon with which to collect the HIVST from a drug store or health post) or (3) standard of care (referral to existing HIV testing services only, without any offer of HIVST). Participants are followed at 1 and 4 months following distribution of the first HIVST. The primary end point is HIV testing in the past month measured at the 1-month and 4-month visits. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health in Boston, USA and ERES Converge in Lusaka, Zambia. The findings of this trial will be presented at local, regional and international meetings and submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Pre-results; NCT02827240.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.