ReviewParasites & vectors2017
Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Africa: current and future challenges.
Review in Parasites & vectors, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 140 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
140 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Parasites in surgically removed appendices as a neglected public health concern: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pathogens and global health · 2022Pooled it
- Prevalence of intestinal protozoan parasites among school children in africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Nitazoxanide in the Treatment of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Examination of ELISA against PCR for assessing treatment efficacy against Cryptosporidium in a clinical trial context.PloS one · 2023Trial
- The triple threat of Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Entamoeba infections in Nigerian children.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Phytoextracts Used in the Treatment of Cryptosporidiosis and Giardiasis: Current State.Acta parasitologica · 2026Review
- Diagnostic accuracy of ARK Checker® C/G-DyLight® 488: simultaneous detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium by fluorescent antibody microscopy.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
- Antiparasitic Potential of Bioactive Compounds FromJournal of parasitology research · 2026Review
- Nonlinear effects of meteorological factors on foodborne disease outbreaks in yantai from 2014 to 2024.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Cryptosporidium infection and associated factors among diarrheic children under five years of age in Eastern Ethiopia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Coprological and molecular prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in cattle and irrigation water from Beni-Suef Governorate, Egypt.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Human Giardiasis in Ghana - A Scoping Review of Studies From 2004 to 2024.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Molecular Characterization ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Intestinal protozoa infections and associated factors among diarrheal under-five children in Borena district, central Ethiopia.Parasite epidemiology and control · 2025Article
- Persistence of human Aichi virus infectivity from raw surface water to drinking water.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Risk Factors and Circulating Subtypes ofMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Epidemiology and transmission patterns ofParasitology · 2025Article
80 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cryptosporidium and Giardia are important causes of diarrhoeal illness. Adequate knowledge of the molecular diversity and geographical distribution of these parasites and the environmental and climatic variables that influence their prevalence is important for effective control of infection in at-risk populations, yet relatively little is known about the epidemiology of these parasites in Africa. Cryptosporidium is associated with moderate to severe diarrhoea and increased mortality in African countries and both parasites negatively affect child growth and development. Malnutrition and HIV status are also important contributors to the prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in African countries. Molecular typing of both parasites in humans, domestic animals and wildlife to date indicates a complex picture of both anthroponotic, zoonotic and spill-back transmission cycles that requires further investigation. For Cryptosporidium, the only available drug (nitazoxanide) is ineffective in HIV and malnourished individuals and therefore more effective drugs are a high priority. Several classes of drugs with good efficacy exist for Giardia, but dosing regimens are suboptimal and emerging resistance threatens clinical utility. Climate change and population growth are also predicted to increase both malnutrition and the prevalence of these parasites in water sources. Dedicated and co-ordinated commitments from African governments involving "One Health" initiatives with multidisciplinary teams of veterinarians, medical workers, relevant government authorities, and public health specialists working together are essential to control and prevent the burden of disease caused by these parasites.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.