Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28427377›Full record

ArticleBMC infectious diseases2017

A comprehensive overview of urogenital, anorectal and oropharyngeal Neisseria gonorrhoeae testing and diagnoses among different STI care providers: a cross-sectional study.

Casper D J den Heijer, Christian J P A Hoebe, Geneviève A F S van Liere, Jan E A M van Bergen, Jochen W L Cals, Frans S Stals, Nicole H T M Dukers-Muijrers

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In one paragraph

Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Casper D J den HeijerDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, CAPHRI School of Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht, the Netherlands. casper.denheijer@ggdzl.nl.
Christian J P A HoebeDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, CAPHRI School of Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Geneviève A F S van LiereDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, CAPHRI School of Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Jan E A M van BergenDepartment of General Practice, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Jochen W L CalsDepartment of Family Medicine, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Frans S StalsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Heerlen, the Netherlands.
Nicole H T M Dukers-MuijrersDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, CAPHRI School of Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht, the Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGonorrhoea, caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), can cause reproductive morbidity, is increasingly becoming resistant to antibiotics and is frequently asymptomatic, which shows the essential role of NG test practice. In this study we wanted to compare NG diagnostic testing procedures between different STI care providers serving a defined geographic Dutch region (280,000 inhabitants).

methodsData on laboratory testing and diagnosis of urogenital and extragenital (i.e. anorectal and oropharyngeal) NG were retrieved from general practitioners (GPs), an STI clinic, and gynaecologists (2006-2010). Per provider, we assessed their contribution regarding the total number of tests performed and type of populations tested, the proportion of NG positives re-tested (3-12 months after treatment) and test-of-cure (TOC, within 3 months post treatment).

resultsOverall, 17,702 NG tests (48.7% STI clinic, 38.2% GPs, 13.1% gynaecologists) were performed during 15,458 patient visits. From this total number of tests, 2257 (12.7%) were extragenital, of which 99.4% were performed by the STI clinic. Men were mostly tested at the STI clinic (71%) and women by their GP (43%). NG positivity per visit was 1.6%; GP 1.9% (n = 111), STI clinic 1.7% (n = 131) and gynaecology 0.2% (n = 5). NG positivity was associated with Chlamydia trachomatis positivity (OR: 2.06, 95% confidence interval: 1.46-2.92). Per anatomical location, the proportion of NG positives re-tested were: urogenital 20.3% (n = 36), anorectal 43.6% (n = 17) and oropharyngeal 57.1% (n = 20). NG positivity among re-tests was 16.9%. Proportions of NG positives with TOC by anatomical location were: urogenital 10.2% (n = 18), anorectal 17.9% (n = 7) and oropharyngeal 17.1% (n = 6).

conclusionsTo achieve best practice in relation to NG testing, we recommend that: 1) GPs test at extragenital sites, especially men who have sex with men (MSM), 2) all care providers consider re-testing 3 to 12 months after NG diagnosis and 3) TOC is performed following oropharyngeal NG diagnosis in settings which provide services to higher-risk men and women (such as STI clinics).

Indexed as

AdultAmbulatory Care FacilitiesChlamydia InfectionsChlamydia trachomatisCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleFemale Urogenital DiseasesGeneral PractitionersGonorrheaHumansMaleMale Urogenital DiseasesNeisseria gonorrhoeaeNetherlandsPharyngeal DiseasesPhysicians

Identifiers

PMID28427377
PMCPMC5397759

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.