ReviewPediatric research2017
The importance of appropriate initial bacterial colonization of the intestine in newborn, child, and adult health.
Review in Pediatric research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
98 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 159 citations in OpenAlex.
- Probiotic supplementation is associated with higher faecal secretory IgA (sIgA) in healthy full-term infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pediatric research · 2026Pooled it
- NEC-Associated Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and the Gut-Lung Axis in Preterm Infants.American journal of perinatology · 2026Review
- Maternal secretor status and human milk oligosaccharides influence the infant gut resistome.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- The Heart-Microbiome Axis: Emerging Relevance in Pediatric Cardiology.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Review
- Probiotic Supplementation to Prevent Diaper Dermatitis in Antibiotic-Treated Neonates: Secondary Analysis of a Randomised Controlled Trial.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Early-life development of the microbiome and resistome in antibiotic-naïve dairy calves.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Sepsis profile among preterm infants with enterostomy and fecal transfer: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.Molecular and cellular pediatrics · 2026Article
- Biofilm state Limosilactobacillus reuteri modulates aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity and suppresses experimental necrotizing enterocolitis.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Mode of birth and risk of inflammatory bowel disease in offspring: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2026Review
- Chemokine-receptor-dependent inflammatory responses contribute to two-hit-induced experimental necrotizing enterocolitis and represent a potential therapeutic target.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The effects of maternal dietary fiber and short-chain fatty acids on the health of offspring: a mini review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Higher levels of antibiotic resistance are less competitive: the hidden ecological cost of no-metabolic cost resistance.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Prospective Whole-Genome Sequencing to Identify Bacterial Transmission and Its Modifiers in Neonates.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- The Association Between Maternal Diet and the Human Milk Microbiome: A Review of Evidence and Methodological Challenges.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Breastfeeding and early Bifidobacterium-driven microbial colonization shape the infant gut resistome.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Synergism between TLR4 and B. infantis in the development of the premature intestine.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- A developmental role for toll like receptor 4 in the neonatal intestine.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Self-Nourishing and Armored Probiotics via Egg-Inspired Encapsulation.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Health, Diet, and Disease with a Focus on Obesity.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Effect of folpet on hypoglycaemia, intestinal microbiota, and drug resistance genes in mice.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The fetus does not reside in a sterile intrauterine environment and is exposed to commensal bacteria from the maternal gut/blood stream that cross the placenta and enter the amniotic fluid. This intestinal exposure to colonizing bacteria continues at birth and during the first year of life and has a profound influence on lifelong health. Why is this important? Intestinal crosstalk with colonizing bacteria in the developing intestine affects the infant's adaptation to extrauterine life (immune homeostasis) and provides protection against disease expression (allergy, autoimmune disease, obesity, etc.) later in life. Colonizing intestinal bacteria are critical to the normal development of host defense. Disrupted colonization (dysbiosis) due to maternal dysbiosis, cesarean section delivery, use of perinatal antibiotics, or premature delivery may adversely affect the gut development of host defense and predispose to inflammation rather than to homeostasis, leading to increased susceptibility to disease later in life. Babies born by cesarean section have a higher incidence of allergy, type 1 diabetes, and obesity. Infants given repeated antibiotic regimens during the first year of life are more likely to have asthma as adolescents. This research breakthrough helps to explain the shift in disease paradigms from infections to immune-mediated in children from developed countries. This review will develop this research breakthrough.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.