Observational studyCanadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique2017
Compliance with school nutrition policies in Ontario and Alberta: An assessment of secondary school vending machine data from the COMPASS study.
Observational study in Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Promoting healthy school food environments and nutrition in Canada: a systematic review of interventions, policies, and programs.Nutrition reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Food environment research in Canada: a rapid review of methodologies and measures deployed between 2010 and 2021.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2024Pooled it
- Implementing Food Environment Policies at Scale: What Helps? What Hinders? A Systematic Review of Barriers and Enablers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- A systematic review of existing observational tools to measure the food and physical activity environment in schools.Health & place · 2020Pooled it
- Competitive food availability in schools before and after the onset of COVID-19: an interrupted time series analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Availability, Nutritional Profile and Processing Level of Food Products Sold in Vending Machines in a Spanish Public University.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Secondary School Nutrition Policy Compliance in Ontario and Alberta, Canada: A Follow-Up Study Examining Vending Machine Data from the COMPASS Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Are closed campus policies associated with adolescent eating behaviours?Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2021Article
- Priority setting for school nutrition research: developing a collaborative research agenda.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2020Article
- Examining differences in school hour and school day dietary quality among Canadian children between 2004 and 2015.Public health nutrition · 2019Article
- Caffeinated energy drink consumption and predictors of use among secondary school students over time in the COMPASS cohort study.Preventive medicine reports · 2019Article
- Examining associations between school food environment characteristics and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among Canadian secondary-school students in the COMPASS study.Public health nutrition · 2019Article
- Exploring Student Food Behaviour in Relation to Food Retail over the Time of Implementing Ontario's School Food and Beverage Policy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Development and Validation of the Vending Evaluation for Nutrient-Density (VEND)ing Audit.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Food and beverage marketing in primary and secondary schools in Canada.BMC public health · 2019Article
- Examining changes in school vending machine beverage availability and sugar-sweetened beverage intake among Canadian adolescents participating in the COMPASS study: a longitudinal assessment of provincial school nutrition policy compliance and effectiveness.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2018Article
- Changes in the nutritional quality of products sold in university vending machines since implementation of the health star rating in 2014; an environmental audit.BMC public health · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesWe investigated the extent to which a sample of Ontario and Alberta secondary schools are being compliant with their respective provincial nutrition policies, in terms of the food and beverages sold in vending machines.
methodsThis observational study used objective data on drinks and snacks from vending machines, collected over three years of the COMPASS study (2012/2013-2014/2015 school years). Drink (e.g., sugar-containing carbonated/non-carbonated soft drinks, sports drinks, etc.) and snack (e.g., chips, crackers, etc.) data were coded by number of units available, price, and location of vending machine(s) in the school. Univariate and bivariate analyses were undertaken using R version 3.2.3. In order to assess policy compliancy over time, nutritional information of products in vending machines was compared to nutrition standards set out in P/PM 150 in Ontario, and those set out in the Alberta Nutrition Guidelines for Children and Youth (2012) in Alberta.
resultsResults reveal a decline over time in the proportion of schools selling sugar-containing carbonated soft drinks (9% in 2012/2013 vs. 3% in 2014/2015), crackers (26% vs. 17%) and cake products (12% vs. 5%) in vending machines, and inconsistent changes in the proportion selling chips (53%, 67% and 65% over the three school years). Conversely, results highlight increases in the proportion of vending machines selling chocolate bars (7% vs. 13%) and cookies (21% vs. 40%) between the 2012/2013 and 2014/2015 school years.
conclusionNutritional standard policies were not adhered to in the majority of schools with respect to vending machines. There is a need for investment in formal monitoring and evaluation of school policies, and the provision of information and tools to support nutrition policy implementation.
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