SynthesisOncotarget2017
Lenalidomide and the risk of serious infection in patients with multiple myeloma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Oncotarget, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Infection risks in multiple myeloma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials from 2015 to 2019.BMC cancer · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Trial
- Mechanistic Interplay Between Multiple Myeloma and Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Therapeutic Promise of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Cerebral toxoplasmosis in patients with peripheral B-cell lymphoma : A case series and a literature review.Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) · 2026Article
- Article
- Infection incidence, timing, and predictors in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a real-world retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- A real-world study on the impact of infection load on mortality in multiple myeloma patients in Finland.Annals of hematology · 2025Article
- Advanced disease and CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Reporting of adverse events of treatment interventions in multiple myeloma: an overview of systematic reviews.Annals of hematology · 2024Review
- Toll-like receptor signaling in multiple myeloma cells promotes the expression of pro-survival genes B-cell lymphoma 2 and MYC and modulates the expression of B-cell maturation antigen.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Disparities in Outcomes of Hospitalizations Due to Multiple Myeloma: A Nationwide Comparison.Cureus · 2023Article
- Cumulative Incidence and Relative Risk of Infection in Patients With Multiple Myeloma Treated With Anti-CD38 Monoclonal Antibody-Based Regimens: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Pathogen-Specific Humoral Immunity and Infections in B Cell Maturation Antigen-Directed Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy Recipients with Multiple Myeloma.Transplantation and cellular therapy · 2022Article
- Safety Profile of Ixazomib in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma in Japan: An All-case Post-marketing Surveillance.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2022Observational
- A simple score to predict early severe infections in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma.Blood cancer journal · 2022Article
- Inflammation and infection in plasma cell disorders: how pathogens shape the fate of patients.Leukemia · 2022Review
- Machine learning-based infection prediction model for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients.Frontiers in neuroinformatics · 2022Article
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in multiple myeloma. A literature review and lessons to learn.Annals of hematology · 2021Review
- Total Knee Periprosthetic Joint Infection in the Setting of Hematologic Malignancy: Considerations for Management.Arthroplasty today · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide is highly effective against newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM), but serious and even fatal infections have been associated with its use. In this meta-analysis, we assessed the overall risk of infection to MM patients treated with lenalidomide. Eleven phase II or III clinical trials, comprising 3,210 subjects, were selected from the Embase, Pubmed, and Cochrane Library databases, from the Clinical Trial Registration website, and from meeting abstracts and virtual presentations at the American Society of Clinical Oncology. Main outcome measures were overall incidence, relative risk (RR), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of reported infection events. Fixed-effect or random-effect models were used in the statistical analyses, depending on the between-study heterogeneity. The overall incidence of high-grade infection was 14.32% (95% CI: 12.08%-16.90%) and high-grade infection's pooled RR was 2.23 (95% CI: 1.71-2.91, P < 0.0001) for all 11 studies evaluated. No evidence of publication bias for the incidence of high-grade infection was detected using Begg's funnel plot and Egger's test (P = 0.2; 95% CI: -1.70, 1.23). From this meta-analysis, it appears lenalidomide use is associated with an increased risk of high-grade infection. Moreover, fatal infection events occurred only in patients treated with lenalidomide; no infection-related deaths were observed among controls. These data indicate that accurate diagnosis and optimal management of infection in MM patients treated with lenalidomide could be critical for treatment efficacy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.