ArticleParasites & vectors2017
Immune resistance and tolerance strategies in malaria vector and non-vector mosquitoes.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advancing Malaria Vector Control: Insights Into Mosquito Immunity and Genetic Strategies.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2026Review
- Compatibility ofTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- STAT Signature Dish: Serving Immunity with a Side of Dietary Control.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Contrasting vector competence of three main East African Anopheles malaria vector mosquitoes for Plasmodium falciparum.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Comparison of the effect of bacterial stimulation on the global epigenetic landscape and transcription of immune genes in primarily zoophilic members of the Anopheles gambiae complex (Diptera: Culicidae).Molecular and biochemical parasitology · 2024Article
- Generation of specific immune memory by bacterial exposure in the major malaria vectorCurrent research in insect science · 2024Article
- Evolution and assembly ofOpen biology · 2023Article
- Differential transmissibility to Anopheles arabiensis of Plasmodium vivax gametocytes in patients with diverse Duffy blood group genotypes.Malaria journal · 2023Article
- Evidence of a conserved mammalian immunosuppression mechanism inFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- The dynamic gut microbiota of zoophilic members of the Anopheles gambiae complex (Diptera: Culicidae).Scientific reports · 2022Article
- PIMMS43 is required for malaria parasite immune evasion and sporogonic development in the mosquito vector.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Variation in Tolerance to Parasites Affects Vectorial Capacity of Natural Asian Tiger Mosquito Populations.Current biology : CB · 2019Article
- Streamlined SMFA and mosquito dark-feeding regime significantly improve malaria transmission-blocking assay robustness and sensitivity.Malaria journal · 2019Article
- Chromatin changes in Anopheles gambiae induced by Plasmodium falciparum infection.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2019Article
- Unraveling the Plasmodium vivax sporozoite transcriptional journey from mosquito vector to human host.Scientific reports · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe Anopheles gambiae complex consists of species that vary greatly in their capacity to transmit malaria. The mosquito immune system has been identified as a key factor that can influence whether Plasmodium infection establishes within the mosquito vector. This study was designed to investigate the immune responses of An. coluzzii, An. arabiensis and An. quadriannulatus mosquitoes. The first two mosquito species are major vectors of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa, while the third is thought to be a non-vector.
methodsAll three mosquito species were reared in mixed cultures. Their capacity to eliminate P. berghei and regulate midgut bacteria was examined.
resultsOur results revealed large differences in mosquito resistance to P. berghei. In all three mosquito species, immune reactions involving the complement system were triggered when the number of parasites that mosquitoes were challenged with exceeded a certain level, i.e. immune tolerance threshold. This threshold was markedly lower in An. quadriannulatus compared to An. coluzzii and An. arabiensis. We also demonstrated that the level of immune tolerance to P. berghei infection in the haemolymph is inversely correlated with the level of immune tolerance to microbiota observed in the midgut lumen after a blood meal. The malaria non-vector mosquito species, An. quadriannulatus was shown to have a much higher level of tolerance to microbiota in the midgut than An. coluzzii.
conclusionsWe propose a model whereby an increased tolerance to microbiota in the mosquito midgut results in lower tolerance to Plasmodium infection. In this model, malaria non-vector mosquito species are expected to have increased immune resistance in the haemocoel, possibly due to complement priming by microbiota elicitors. We propose that this strategy is employed by the malaria non-vector mosquito, An. quadriannulatus, while An. coluzzii has reduced tolerance to bacterial infection in the midgut and consequently reduced immune resistance to Plasmodium infection at the haemocoel level. An in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating immune tolerance versus resistance in different mosquito vectors of malaria could guide the design of new vector and disease control strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.