ArticleBMC nephrology2017
Epidemiology of paediatric renal stone disease: a 22-year single centre experience in the UK.
Article in BMC nephrology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- International Alliance of Urolithiasis (IAU) guidelines on the management of pediatric urolithiasis.Urolithiasis · 2024Guideline
- Inconsistency in stone composition among bilateral urolithiasis patients: a multicenter retrospective study.Urolithiasis · 2025Article
- Contemporary metabolic evaluation, medical and minimally invasive management of stones in children.Urolithiasis · 2025Review
- Pediatric Urinary Stone Disease: A 10-Year Single-Center Experience from Türkiye.Turkish archives of pediatrics · 2025Article
- The global, regional, and national burden of pediatric stone disease: 1990-2021 and projections for the next two decades.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Risk factors for recurrence in pediatric urinary stone disease.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Article
- Article
- Endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery composed of micro-perc and retrograde intrarenal surgery in the treatment of complex kidney stones in children.World journal of urology · 2024Article
- Current Status of Protein Biomarkers in Urolithiasis-A Review of the Recent Literature.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Severe Hypercalcemia due to Hypervitaminosis D in a Breastfed Infant.JCEM case reports · 2023Article
- Pediatric urolithiasis: what can pediatricians expect from radiologists?Pediatric radiology · 2023Review
- Shockwaves and the Rolling Stones: An Overview of Pediatric Stone Disease.Kidney international reports · 2023Review
- In focus: perplexing increase of urinary stone disease in children, adolescent and young adult women and its economic impact.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- UPDATE - Canadian Urological Association guideline: Evaluation and medical management of kidney stones.Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada · 2022Article
- Molecular mechanisms altering tubular calcium reabsorption.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2022Review
- Homozygous GRHPR C.494G>A mutation is deleterious that causes early onset of nephrolithiasis in West Bengal, India.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Article
- Twinkle artifact in renal ultrasound, is it a solid point for the diagnosis of renal stone in children?Journal of ultrasonography · 2021Article
- Natural history of patients with infantile nephrolithiasis: what are the predictors of surgical intervention?Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2021Article
- Best Imaging Method for Detection of Renal Stones.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2021Article
- Animal, Human, andCurrent pediatrics reports · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWhilst still rare, the incidence of paediatric stone disease is increasing in developed countries and it is important to evaluate the aetiology. We set up a dedicated renal stone service for children combining medical and surgical expertise in 1993 and now have a large case series of children to investigate the epidemiology.
methodsA retrospective hospital note review of children presenting with kidney stones during the last 22 years (1993-2015) was conducted. All patients had a comprehensive infective and metabolic screen and were classified as metabolic, infective or idiopathic stone disease.
resultsFive hundred eleven patients (322 male) were reviewed. The median age of presentation was 4.4y for males (1 m-16.6y) and 7.3y (1-18.5y) for females with a median height and weight on the 25th centile for male and on 10th and 25th for female, respectively. One hundred seventy five (34%) had an underlying metabolic abnormality, 112 (22%) had infective stones and 224 (44%) were classified as idiopathic. Of the 175 patients with a metabolic abnormality: 91 (52%) had hypercalciuria (76 persistent and 15 transient), 37 (21%) hyperoxaluria, 38 (22%) cystinuria, 3 (2%) abnormalities in the purine metabolism and the remainder other metabolic abnormalities. Bilateral stones occurred in 27% of the metabolic group compared to 16% in the non-metabolic group (OR 0.2, p < 0.05). Urinary tract infection was a common complication (27%) in the metabolic group.
conclusionsIn this paper, we present the largest cohort of paediatric stone disease reported from a developed country giving details on both, clinical and laboratory data. We show that in the majority of the patients there is an identifiable underlying metabolic and/or infective aetiology emphasizing the importance of a full work up to provide adequate treatment and prevent recurrence. Moreover, we show that stone disease in children, in contrast to the adult population, does not seem to be associated with obesity, as children have a weight below average at presentation.
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