ArticleJournal of diabetes science and technology2017
Seasonality of Insulin Use in German Outpatients With Diabetes: A Retrospective Analysis.
Article in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Seasonal and Monthly Patterns, Weekly Variations, and the Holiday Effect of Outpatient Visits for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Persistence With Oral Antihyperglycemic Drugs in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With Dementia in Germany.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSeasonality in insulin sensitivity has been the focus of controversial literature in the past decades. The aim of this study was to analyze seasonality of insulin use in patients with diabetes who were followed in German general practices.
methodsThis study included patients affected by type 1 (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who received intensified conventional insulin therapy over a period of at least 12 months between 2013 and 2015. The main outcome was the median insulin dose per day (calculated daily insulin doses, CDDs) between June and August (summer) and between December and February (winter).
resultsThe present study included 1197 T1DM patients and 3836 T2DM patients from 492 general practitioner or diabetologist practices. The mean age was 45.4 years (SD = 16.2 years) in the T1DM group and 65.2 years (SD = 14.1 years) in the T2DM group. The most frequent basal insulin therapy was insulin glargine (T1DM: 45.7%; T2DM: 41.1%), and the most frequent bolus insulin therapy was insulin lispro in the T1DM group (38.7%) and human insulin in the T2DM group (45.2%). The consumption of basal and bolus insulins did not significantly differ between summer and winter in T1DM individuals (basal therapy: 30.8 international units (IU)/day versus 31.2 IU/day; bolus therapy: 39.4 IU/day versus 37.8 IU/day). This consumption was also similar between the two seasons in the T2DM group (basal therapy: 31.0 IU/day versus 30.6 IU/day; bolus therapy: 44.3 IU/day versus 44.1 IU/day).
conclusionsThere was no significant difference in the use of basal and bolus insulin therapies between summer and winter in German patients with T1DM or T2DM.
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