ArticleOncotarget2017
GRIK2 has a role in the maintenance of urothelial carcinoma stem-like cells, and its expression is associated with poorer prognosis.
Article in Oncotarget, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Molecular Basis of Aggressiveness in Pituitary Adenomas and Its Association With the Immune Microenvironment.International journal of genomics · 2025Article
- Cisplatin resistance driver claspin is a target for immunotherapy in urothelial carcinoma.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2023Article
- MicroRNA PC-3p-2869 Regulates Antler Growth and Inhibits Proliferation and Migration of Human Osteosarcoma and Chondrosarcoma Cells by Targeting CDK8, EEF1A1, and NTN1.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Integrated single-nucleus sequencing and spatial architecture analysis identified distinct injured-proximal tubular types in calculi rats.Cell & bioscience · 2023Article
- GRIK2 is a target for bladder cancer stem-like cell-targeting immunotherapy.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2022Article
- Immunological significance of alternative splicing prognostic signatures for bladder cancer.Heliyon · 2022Article
- NXPH4 Used as a New Prognostic and Immunotherapeutic Marker for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.Journal of oncology · 2022Article
- Comprehensive Profiling of Genomic and Transcriptomic Differences between Risk Groups of Lung Adenocarcinoma and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Article
- Anchorage-independent growth conditions reveal a differential SOS2 dependence for transformation and survival inSmall GTPases · 2021Article
- SIX2 Mediates Late-Stage Metastasis via Direct Regulation ofCancer research · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs)/cancer-initiating cells (CICs) are small sub-population of cancer cells that are endowed with higher tumor-initiating ability, self-renewal ability and differentiation ability. CSCs/CICs could be isolated as high aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 activity cells (ALDH1high) from various cancer samples. In this study, we isolated urothelial carcinoma CSCs/CICs as ALDHhigh cells and investigated the molecular aspects. ALDH1high cells showed greater sphere-forming ability and higher tumor-initiating ability in immune-deficient mice than those of ALDH1low cells, indicating that CSCs/CICs were enriched in ALDH1high cells. cDNA microarray analysis revealed that an ionotropic glutamate receptor glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 2 (GRIK2) was expressed in ALDH1high cells at a higher level than that in ALDH1low cells. GRIK2 gene knockdown by siRNAs decreased the sphere-forming ability and invasion ability, whereas GRIK2 overexpression increased the sphere-forming ability, invasion ability and tumorigenicity, indicating that GRIK2 has a role in the maintenance of CSCs/CICs. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that higher levels of GRIK2 and ALDH1 expression were related to poorer prognosis in urinary tract carcinoma cases. The findings indicate that GRIK2 has a role in the maintenance of urothelial CSCs/CICs and that GRIK2 and ALDH1 can be prognosis prediction markers for urinary tract carcinomas.
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