ReviewSchizophrenia research2018
The link between schizophrenia and substance use disorder: A unifying hypothesis.
Review in Schizophrenia research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 118 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
118 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 277 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Convergent blood-brain barrier breakdown in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review of preclinical animal models.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Pooled it
- Memantine for the Treatment of Primary Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Clinical drug investigation · 2025Pooled it
- Does Cannabis Use Contribute to Schizophrenia? A Causation Analysis Based on Epidemiological Evidence.Biomolecules · 2025Pooled it
- Comorbid health outcomes in patients with schizophrenia: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Oral and Long-acting Injectable Aripiprazole in Severe Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorder Comorbidity: An Updated Systematic Review.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of synthetic cathinone use and psychosis.Psychopharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Smoking behavior is associated with suicidality in individuals with psychosis and bipolar disorder: a systematic quantitative review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Pooled it
- Psychosocial interventions for people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Trial
- Randomized Laboratory Study of Single-Dose Cannabis, Dronabinol, and Placebo in Patients With Schizophrenia and Cannabis Use Disorder.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Trial
- Avatar Intervention in Virtual Reality for Cannabis Use Disorder in Individuals With Severe Mental Disorders: Results From a 1-Year, Single-Arm Clinical Trial.JMIR mental health · 2024Trial
- Sex-specific effects of the atypical antipsychotic risperidone on performance in a risky decision-making task.Behavioural brain research · 2027Article
- Hallucinogen-Psychosis Associations Are Confounded by Baseline Psychiatric History.The Journal of clinical psychiatry · 2026Article
- Genetic risk for schizophrenia modulates WIN 55,212-2 reward: Evidence from a heterozygous transmembrane domain neuregulin 1 mutant mouse model.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Reward Circuit Adaptations After Chronic Antipsychotic Treatment Confer Addiction Vulnerability.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Association of Cannabis Use Disorder Versus Other Substance Use Disorders With Psychiatric Conditions: A Propensity-Matched Retrospective Cohort Analysis.The American journal of psychiatry · 2026Article
- Mapping the Interplay Between Childhood Trauma, Substance Use, and Psychopathology in Early Psychosis: A Network Analysis Approach.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Vertexwise Cortical Deviation Mapping (VCDM): A precision approach to cortical thickness assessment in non-affective psychosis.Brain imaging and behavior · 2026Article
- Repeated 7-day exposure to ketamine induces anxiety-like behaviors and neuronal apoptosis in mice via DRD1-medicated inhibition of Akt/Gsk-3β phosphorylation.Cell biology and toxicology · 2026Article
58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Substance use disorders occur commonly in patients with schizophrenia and dramatically worsen their overall clinical course. While the exact mechanisms contributing to substance use in schizophrenia are not known, a number of theories have been put forward to explain the basis of the co-occurrence of these disorders. We propose here a unifying hypothesis that combines recent evidence from epidemiological and genetic association studies with brain imaging and pre-clinical studies to provide an updated formulation regarding the basis of substance use in patients with schizophrenia. We suggest that the genetic determinants of risk for schizophrenia (especially within neural systems that contribute to the risk for both psychosis and addiction) make patients vulnerable to substance use. Since this vulnerability may arise prior to the appearance of psychotic symptoms, an increased use of substances in adolescence may both enhance the risk for developing a later substance use disorder, and also serve as an additional risk factor for the appearance of psychotic symptoms. Future studies that assess brain circuitry in a prospective longitudinal manner during adolescence prior to the appearance of psychotic symptoms could shed further light on the mechanistic underpinnings of these co-occurring disorders while identifying potential points of intervention for these difficult-to-treat co-occurring disorders.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.