GuidelineJournal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine2017
Delaying Middle School and High School Start Times Promotes Student Health and Performance: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Position Statement.
Guideline in Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed.
- A one-hour delayed school start improves sleep, sleepiness and inhibitory control in early adolescents in a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Interplay of chronotype and school timing predicts school performance.Nature human behaviour · 2020Trial
- Challenges in implementing and assessing outcomes of school start time change in the UK: experience of the Oxford Teensleep study.Sleep medicine · 2019Trial
- Shortened Sleep Duration Causes Sleepiness, Inattention, and Oppositionality in Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Findings From a Crossover Sleep Restriction/Extension Study.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2019Trial
- School Start Times in Alabama.The Journal of school health · 2026Article
- Emerging evidence reinforces and expands the case for later school start times.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Multidimensional association of sleep health with dietary habits and physical activity in adolescents.Sleep health · 2026Article
- Evaluation of perception towards brain health in Nigeria: Results from a nationwide awareness survey.Journal of public health in Africa · 2026Article
- Sleep Duration and Timing in Relation to BMI and Readiness to Change Lifestyle Behaviors: Results From a Pediatric Weight Management Clinic.Clinical pediatrics · 2025Article
- Afternoon to early evening bright light exposure reduces later melatonin production in adolescents.Npj biological timing and sleep · 2025Article
- Sleep and dreams: how the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and its members have shaped the future of the sleep field for 50 years.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2025Article
- Efficacy of brief behavioral and sleep hygiene education with mindfulness intervention on sleep, social jetlag and mental health in adolescence: a pilot study.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2025Article
- Sleep patterns among middle school students: a three-year longitudinal study in the context of China's "Double Reduction" policy.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Factors associated with late bedtimes, early wake-up times, and short sleep in adolescents on school nights.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2025Article
- The Double-Edged Sword of Online Learning for Ethnoracial Differences in Adolescent Mental Health During Late Period of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: National Survey.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
- Sleep-related disorders in children: A narrative review.Pediatric discovery · 2024Review
- To the Editor: Early school start times in middle and high schools have profound implications for children and teens.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2024Article
- Reflections on the past two decades of Mind, Brain, and Education.Mind, brain and education : the official journal of the International Mind, Brain, and Education Society · 2024Article
- School start times and their association with rurality in British Columbia, Canada: An environmental scan.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
abstractDuring adolescence, internal circadian rhythms and biological sleep drive change to result in later sleep and wake times. As a result of these changes, early middle school and high school start times curtail sleep, hamper a student's preparedness to learn, negatively impact physical and mental health, and impair driving safety. Furthermore, a growing body of evidence shows that delaying school start times positively impacts student achievement, health, and safety. Public awareness of the hazards of early school start times and the benefits of later start times are largely unappreciated. As a result, the American Academy of Sleep Medicine is calling on communities, school boards, and educational institutions to implement start times of 8:30 AM or later for middle schools and high schools to ensure that every student arrives at school healthy, awake, alert, and ready to learn.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.