ReviewAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences2017
Neural correlates of cognitive processing in monolinguals and bilinguals.
Review in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Does bilingualism protect against dementia? A meta-analysis.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2020Pooled it
- Redefining bilingualism as a spectrum of experiences that differentially affects brain structure and function.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Trial
- Bilingual Cortical Control of Between- and Within-Language Competition.Scientific reports · 2017Trial
- Cognitive and Neural Preservation in Older Language Learners: The CNPOLL Framework.Journal of psycholinguistic research · 2026Review
- Network analysis of smartphone addiction, attentional control, and learning adaptation among nursing undergraduates.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Reported symptoms and patterns of language impairment in bilingual speakers with primary progressive aphasia: a retrospective study.Aphasiology · 2026Article
- Modulations of the P3b effect as a function of bilingual language experience.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Numeracy, literacy, and formal education as mechanisms of inequities in late-life cognitive performance between Indigenous-speaking and non-Indigenous-speaking older Mexican adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Rethinking language, cognition and assessment in psychosis: How bilingualism challenges psychiatry and how natural language processing can help.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Multiscale neural features of tonal bilingualism: linking regional differences in brain network degree centrality to neurotransmitter-gene signatures in Bai-Mandarin bilinguals.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Bilingualism modulates functional connectivity induced by a domain-general artificial grammar learning task.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Inhibitory control occurs at the language execution stage: evidence from an fMRI study of bilingual language switching.Brain imaging and behavior · 2026Article
- Missing the Mix: Perceiving Code-Switches as a Mechanism for Bilingual Adaptation.Child development perspectives · 2026Article
- Co-Registration of EEG and Eye-Tracking in Psycholinguistics and Bilingualism Research.Frontiers in language sciences · 2026Article
- Evidence for an Integrated Bilingual Language System from Discourse Tasks in Aphasia.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Selective cognitive effects of multilingualism emerge in visuospatial working memory in later life.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Cross-cultural adaptation of the Language and Social Background Questionnaire: Psychometric properties emerging from the Persian version.Behavior research methods · 2025Article
- Predicting Factors of Cognitive Flexibility in Chinese-English Bilinguals: Insights from Mouse Tracking Task Switching.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Foreign Language Syndrome: Neurological and Psychiatric Aspects.Neurology international · 2025Review
- Linking Individual Variability of Multi-modal Connectivity, Lifestyle, Psycho-Social Factors and Cognition in Older Adults.Aging and disease · 2025Article
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Here, we review the neural correlates of cognitive control associated with bilingualism. We demonstrate that lifelong practice managing two languages orchestrates global changes to both the structure and function of the brain. Compared with monolinguals, bilinguals generally show greater gray matter volume, especially in perceptual/motor regions, greater white matter integrity, and greater functional connectivity between gray matter regions. These changes complement electroencephalography findings showing that bilinguals devote neural resources earlier than monolinguals. Parallel functional findings emerge from the functional magnetic resonance imaging literature: bilinguals show reduced frontal activity, suggesting that they do not need to rely on top-down mechanisms to the same extent as monolinguals. This shift for bilinguals to rely more on subcortical/posterior regions, which we term the bilingual anterior-to-posterior and subcortical shift (BAPSS), fits with results from cognitive aging studies and helps to explain why bilinguals experience cognitive decline at later stages of development than monolinguals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.