Trial reportJournal of consulting and clinical psychology2017
Incentivizing attendance to prolonged exposure for PTSD with opioid use disorder patients: A randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Project Harmony: A Meta-Analysis With Individual Patient Data on Behavioral and Pharmacologic Trials for Comorbid Posttraumatic Stress and Alcohol or Other Drug Use Disorders.The American journal of psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Do financial incentives increase mental health treatment engagement? A meta-analysis.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2022Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological interventions for comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder and substance use disorder.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy and acceptability of interventions for co-occurring PTSD and SUD: A meta-analysis.Journal of anxiety disorders · 2021Pooled it
- A novel prolonged exposure therapy protocol for improving therapy session attendance and PTSD symptoms among adults receiving buprenorphine or methadone treatment.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Trial
- Adjunctive Medication Management and Contingency Management to enhance adherence to acamprosate for alcohol dependence: the ADAM trial RCT.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2023Trial
- Prolonged exposure therapy for PTSD in individuals with opioid use disorder: A randomized pilot study.Addictive behaviors · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Laboratory-induced stress and craving predict opioid use during follow-up among individuals with prescription opioid use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Trial
- Substance use predictors of attendance among veterans in integrated PTSD and alcohol use disorder treatment.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2021Trial
- A randomized controlled trial evaluating integrated versus phased application of evidence-based psychotherapies for military veterans with comorbid PTSD and substance use disorders.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Trial
- Concurrent treatment of substance use disorders and PTSD using prolonged exposure: A randomized clinical trial in military veterans.Addictive behaviors · 2019Trial
- Adults with Comorbid Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Alcohol Use Disorder, and Opioid Use Disorder: The Effectiveness of Modified Prolonged Exposure.Journal of traumatic stress · 2018Trial
- The Impact of Prolonged Exposure Therapy on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Clusters in Adults Maintained on Medications for Opioid Use Disorder.Clinical psychology & psychotherapyTrial
- Operationalizing Contingency Management to Improve Adherence and Retention in Methadone Treatment: A Scoping Review.Substance use & misuse · 2026Article
- A Framework for Estimating Posttreatment Moderation of Treatment-by-Dosage Effects in Individual-Patient Meta-Analysis: An Illustration Using Project Harmony.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2025Article
- Helping Opioid Use Disorder and PTSD with Exposure (HOPE): An Open-Label Pilot Study of a Trauma-Focused, Integrated Therapy for OUD/PTSD.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Mobile telephone contingency management to encourage adherence to supervised medication among individuals most at risk of non-adherence to opioid agonist treatment: a study protocol for a feasibility study (TIES2).Pilot and feasibility studies · 2025Article
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Substance Use Disorder Screening, Assessment, and Treatment.Current psychiatry reports · 2024Review
- A Pilot Study of Twice-Weekly Group-Based Written Exposure Therapy for Veterans in Residential Substance Use Treatment: Effects on PTSD and Depressive Symptoms.Research square · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine whether contingent monetary incentives increase opioid use disorder patients' attendance to Prolonged Exposure (PE) therapy and whether attendance is associated with improvement in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder (SUD) outcomes.
methodPatients (N = 58) with PTSD were offered PE or PE with incentives (PE + I; max $480) to attend PE sessions. Participants were assessed at baseline and weeks 6, 12, and 24 postrandomization.
resultsParticipants were mostly women (79%) and Caucasian (71%); mean age 37.43 years (SD = 11.33). PE + I participants attended a median of 9 (of 12) sessions compared to 1 session for PE participants (p < .001), which included more exposure sessions (PE + I mdn = 6; PE mdn = 0; p < .001). A Time × treatment condition interaction indicated that PE + I participants exhibited a greater decrease in PTSD severity over time than PE participants (OR = 3.1; 95% CI = 0.4-5.7; p = .024). PE + I participants remained in substance use treatment longer than PE participants (mdn days = 262 vs. 192; p = .039). There were no group differences in drug use.
conclusionsMonetary incentives increased SUD patients' attendance to an otherwise poorly attended treatment for PTSD. Better attendance in the incentivized group was associated with greater PTSD improvement, better SUD treatment retention, and no increased drug use. Incentives are well supported for improving adherence to substance use treatment goals and promising as a means to improve therapy attendance, which may improve the effectiveness of existing psychotherapies in difficult-to-treat populations. (PsycINFO Database Record
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.