ArticleCornea2017
Water Exposure is a Common Risk Behavior Among Soft and Gas-Permeable Contact Lens Wearers.
Article in Cornea, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Orthokeratology lens-relatedThe Journal of international medical research · 2021Pooled it
- Contact lens-associated infectious keratitis: microbiological profile, management, and hygiene behaviors in a tertiary eye hospital.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Parasitological and microbiological assessment of contact lens storage cases: a survey of asymptomatic lens student wearers from five medical specialties in Tunisia, North Africa.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Comparative genomic analysis ofmSphere · 2024Article
- Novel Drug Screening Assay forJournal of medicinal chemistry · 2024Article
- How Can We Better Inform Patients of the Importance of Contact Lens Compliance?: Current Perspectives.Clinical optometry · 2024Review
- Biological characteristics and pathogenicity ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Compliance of Soft Contact Lens Care and Bacterial Contamination Among University Students in Palestine.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
- Determining the information needs of contact lens wearers for better education and more support: a qualitative study.BMC ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Foundational concepts in the biology of bacterial keratitis.Experimental eye research · 2021Review
- A Systematic Review of Intracellular Microorganisms withinPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Contact Lens Use Patterns, Behavior and Knowledge Among University Students in Thailand.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Article
- Effect of rigid gas permeable contact lens on keratoconus progression: a review.International journal of ophthalmology · 2020Review
- Risk Behaviors for Contact Lens-Related Eye Infections Among Adults and Adolescents - United States, 2016.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo understand soft contact lens (SCL) and gas-permeable (GP) lens wearers' behaviors and knowledge regarding exposure of lenses to water.
methodsThe Contact Lens Risk Survey (CLRS) and health behavior questions were completed online by a convenience sample of 1056 SCL and 85 GP lens wearers aged 20 to 76 years. Participants were asked about exposing their lenses to water and their understanding of risks associated with these behaviors. Chi-square analyses examined relationships between patient behaviors and perceptions.
resultsGP lens wearers were more likely than SCL wearers to ever rinse or store lenses in water (rinsing: 91% GP, 31% SCL, P < 0.001; storing: 33% GP, 15% SCL P < 0.001). Among SCL wearers, men were more likely to store (24% vs. 13%, P = 0.003) or rinse (41% vs. 29%, P = 0.012) their lenses in water. Showering while wearing lenses was more common in SCL wearers (86%) than GP lens wearers (67%) (P < 0.0001). Swimming while wearing lenses was reported by 62% of SCL wearers and 48% of GP lens wearers (P = 0.027). Wearers who rinsed (SCL; P < 0.0001, GP; P = 0.11) or stored lenses in water (SCL; P < 0.0001, GP P = 0.007) reported that this behavior had little or no effect on their infection risk, compared with those who did not. Both SCL (P < 0.0001) and GP lens wearers (P < 0.0001) perceived that distilled water was safer than tap water for storing or rinsing lenses.
conclusionsDespite previously published evidence of Acanthamoeba keratitis' association with water exposure, most SCL, and nearly all GP lens wearers, regularly expose their lenses to water, with many unaware of the risk.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.