Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28408935›Full record

ArticleJournal of environmental and public health2017

Socioeconomic and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Cancer Mortality, Incidence, and Survival in the United States, 1950-2014: Over Six Decades of Changing Patterns and Widening Inequalities.

Gopal K Singh, Ahmedin Jemal

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of environmental and public health, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04673890 (Improving Cancer Survival and Reducing Treatment Variations With Protocols for Emergency Care), which is not on this map. Cited by 464 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
464citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04673890 completednot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

Improving Cancer Survival and Reducing Treatment Variations With Protocols for Emergency Care (ICARE)

TypeobservationalSponsorUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoRan2020 to 2022Enrolled152ConditionsCancer
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

464 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  16. Ultra-processed Foods and Gastrointestinal Cancer: Epidemiologic Evidence, Mechanistic Pathways, and Clinical Implications.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026
    Review
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404 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Gopal K SinghUS Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Health Equity, Health Resources and Services Administration, 5600 Fishers Lane, Room 13N42, Rockville, MD 20857, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7820-0323
Ahmedin JemalAmerican Cancer Society, Inc., Surveillance & Health Services Research, 250 Williams Street NW, Corporate Center, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We analyzed socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities in US mortality, incidence, and survival rates from all-cancers combined and major cancers from 1950 to 2014. Census-based deprivation indices were linked to national mortality and cancer data for area-based socioeconomic patterns in mortality, incidence, and survival. The National Longitudinal Mortality Study was used to analyze individual-level socioeconomic and racial/ethnic patterns in mortality. Rates, risk-ratios, least squares, log-linear, and Cox regression were used to examine trends and differentials. Socioeconomic patterns in all-cancer, lung, and colorectal cancer mortality changed dramatically over time. Individuals in more deprived areas or lower education and income groups had higher mortality and incidence rates than their more affluent counterparts, with excess risk being particularly marked for lung, colorectal, cervical, stomach, and liver cancer. Education and income inequalities in mortality from all-cancers, lung, prostate, and cervical cancer increased during 1979-2011. Socioeconomic inequalities in cancer mortality widened as mortality in lower socioeconomic groups/areas declined more slowly. Mortality was higher among Blacks and lower among Asian/Pacific Islanders and Hispanics than Whites. Cancer patient survival was significantly lower in more deprived neighborhoods and among most ethnic-minority groups. Cancer mortality and incidence disparities may reflect inequalities in smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, diet, alcohol use, screening, and treatment.

Indexed as

Health Status DisparitiesSocioeconomic FactorsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansIncidenceLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasmsSurvival RateUnited States

Identifiers

PMID28408935
PMCPMC5376950

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.