ArticleJournal of the International AIDS Society2017
Factors associated with sex work involvement among transgender women in Jamaica: a cross-sectional study.
Article in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mental health of LGBTQ+ workers: a systematic review.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Measurement Instruments Assessing Multi-Faceted Stigma Regarding Sexual and Gender Minorities: A Systematic Review of Psychometric Properties.AIDS and behavior · 2024Pooled it
- LGBTQI + Migrants: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Framework of Health, Safety and Wellbeing during Migration.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Intimate Partner Violence in Transgender Populations: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prevalence and Correlates.American journal of public health · 2020Pooled it
- Stigma and HIV service access among transfeminine and gender diverse women in South Africa - a narrative analysis of longitudinal qualitative data from the HPTN 071 (PopART) trial.BMC public health · 2020Trial
- Mindfulness, Mental Health, and Violence Exposure Among Transgender Female Sex Workers Living with HIV in the Dominican Republic.Transgender health · 2026Article
- Strengthening cancer care for the LGBTQIA+ population in Nepal: A narrative review to set priorities for equitable oncology services.Dialogues in health · 2025Review
- Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Associated with Sexual Practices, Psychoactive Substance Use and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among HIV PrEP Users.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A scoping review examining measurement of anti-transgender stigma in low- and middle-income countries.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence and correlates of sexual intimate partner violence among trans women in the San Francisco Bay Area.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Article
- Intersecting Stigma and the HIV Care Cascade: Qualitative Insights from Sex Workers, Men who have Sex with Men, and Transgender Women Living with HIV in Jamaica.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Advancing Adolescent and Young Adult HIV Prevention and Care and Treatment Through Use of Multi-level Theories and Frameworks: A Scoping Review and Adapted HIV Ecological Framework.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Βarriers and Gaps to Medical Care for Transgender Individuals: A TRANSCARE Scoping Review with a Focus on Greece.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Determinants of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Retention among Transgender Women: A Sequential, Explanatory Mixed Methods Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Exploring commercial sex work among transgender women in Nepal: Contributors and stigma-A mixed-method study.PloS one · 2024Article
- Syndemic Conditions and Their Association with HIV/STI Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Transgender Women and Cisgender Men Sex Workers in Catalonia: The SexCohort Project.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2023Article
- Health Service Utilization and Its Associations with Depression and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Transgender Women in Shanghai, China.Transgender health · 2023Article
- Stressors Associated with Tobacco Use Among Trans Women.Transgender health · 2023Article
- Article
- Beyond a deficit-based approach: Characterizing typologies of assets for cisgender and transgender female sex workers and their relationship with syndemic health outcomes.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionTransgender women are disproportionately impacted by HIV. Transgender women involved in sex work may experience exacerbated violence, social exclusion, and HIV vulnerabilities, in comparison with non-sex work-involved transgender women. Scant research has investigated sex work among transgender women in the Caribbean, including Jamaica, where transgender women report pervasive violence. The study objective was to examine factors associated with sex work involvement among transgender women in Jamaica.
methodsIn 2015, we implemented a cross-sectional survey using modified peer-driven recruitment with transgender women in Kingston and Ocho Rios, Jamaica, in collaboration with a local community-based AIDS service organization. We conducted multivariable logistic regression analyses to identify factors associated with paid sex and transactional sex. Exchanging oral, anal or vaginal sex for money only was categorized as paid sex. Exchanging sex for survival needs (food, accommodation, transportation), drugs or alcohol, or for money along with survival needs and/or drugs/alcohol, was categorized as transactional sex.
resultsAmong 137 transgender women (mean age: 24.0 [SD: 4.5]), two-thirds reported living in the Kingston area. Overall, 25.2% reported being HIV-positive. Approximately half (n = 71; 51.82%) reported any sex work involvement, this included sex in exchange for: money (n = 64; 47.06%); survival needs (n = 27; 19.85%); and drugs/alcohol (n = 6; 4.41%). In multivariable analyses, paid sex and transactional sex were both associated with: intrapersonal (depression), interpersonal (lower social support, forced sex, childhood sexual abuse, intimate partner violence, multiple partners/polyamory), and structural (transgender stigma, unemployment) factors. Participants reporting transactional sex also reported increased odds of incarceration perceived to be due to transgender identity, forced sex, homelessness, and lower resilience, in comparison with participants reporting no sex work involvement.
conclusionFindings reveal high HIV infection rates among transgender women in Jamaica. Sex work-involved participants experience social and structural drivers of HIV, including violence, stigma, and unemployment. Transgender women involved in transactional sex also experience high rates of incarceration, forced sex and homelessness in comparison with non-sex workers. Taken together, these findings suggest that social ecological factors elevate HIV exposure among sex work-involved transgender women in Jamaica. Findings can inform interventions to advance human rights and HIV prevention and care cascades with transgender women in Jamaica.
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