Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28406473›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2017

Restoring visual function to the blind retina with a potent, safe and long-lasting photoswitch.

Ivan Tochitsky, Jay Trautman, Nicholas Gallerani, Jonatan G Malis, Richard H Kramer

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Photopharmacology: A new paradigm for vision restoration.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Light-Activated RPE65 Inhibitors Enable On-Demand Visual Cycle Control.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Optogenetics Neuromodulation of the Nose.Behavioural neurology · 2024
    Review
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Bioengineering strategies for restoring vision.Nature biomedical engineering · 2023
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ivan TochitskyDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Jay TrautmanPhotoswitch Biosciences, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA.
Nicholas GalleraniDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Jonatan G MalisDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Richard H KramerDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

Funding

NDC for the Optical Control of Biological FunctionPN2EY018241 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI ISACOFF, EHUD · 2006 to 2015
$37.5M
UC Berkeley Vision Science COREP30EY003176 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI RICHARD H KRAMER · 1985 to 2026
$16.4M
Photoswitchable channel blockers for treatment of blindnessR24EY023937 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI VAN GELDER, RUSSELL N. · 2014 to 2018
$6.1M
Vision Restoration with Photoswitch TechnologyR44EY019811 · NEI · PHOTOSWITCH BIOSCIENCES, INC. · PI TRAUTMAN, JAY K · 2015 to 2016
$1.4M
NEI NIH HHS P30 EY003176NEI NIH HHS PN2 EY018241NEI NIH HHS R24 EY023937NEI NIH HHS R44 EY019811
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Photoswitch compounds such as DENAQ confer light-sensitivity on endogenous neuronal ion channels, enabling photocontrol of neuronal activity without genetic manipulation. DENAQ treatment restores both retinal light responses and visual behaviors in rodent models of Retinitis pigmentosa. However, retinal photosensitization requires a high dose of DENAQ and disappears within several days after treatment. Here we report that BENAQ, an improved photoswitch, is 20-fold more potent than DENAQ and persists in restoring visual responses to the retina for almost 1 month after a single intraocular injection. Studies on mice and rabbits show that BENAQ is non-toxic at concentrations 10-fold higher than required to impart light-sensitivity. These favorable properties make BENAQ a potential drug candidate for vision restoration in patients with degenerative blinding diseases.

Indexed as

AnimalsApoptosisAzo CompoundsBenzene DerivativesDisease Models, AnimalHalf-LifeLightMiceMice, Inbred C57BLPhotosensitizing AgentsQuaternary Ammonium CompoundsRabbitsRetinaRetinal Ganglion CellsRetinitis PigmentosaVision, OcularAzo CompoundsBenzene DerivativesDENAQ compoundPhotosensitizing AgentsQuaternary Ammonium Compounds

Identifiers

PMID28406473
PMCPMC5390669

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.