ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2017
Antibody Distance from the Cell Membrane Regulates Antibody Effector Mechanisms.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 121 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Reprogramming the tumor microenvironment with antibody against membrane-proximal AXL to overcome immune checkpoint blockade resistance.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Determinants of natural killer cell-mediated antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity in SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Discovery and preclinical evaluation of monoclonal antibodies and bispecific engagers targeting the NKG2A inhibitory receptor.Science advances · 2026Article
- Evaluation of multi-antigen targeting ADCC strategies in pediatric BCP-ALL.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- A "Function-First" Approach to Identify Regulatory T cell-Targeting Antibodies for Immunotherapy.Cancer immunology research · 2025Article
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- Functional Activity of HIV-1 bNAbs Across Diverse Strains is Driven by Binding Site and Can be Enhanced Through Fc Engineering.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Development of an Anti-CD99 Antibody Enables Targeting of Diffuse Midline Glioma.Cancer research · 2025Article
- Structural Insights into the ADCC Mechanism and Resistance of Mogamulizumab, a First-in-Class Anti-CCR4 Therapy for Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Targeting the membrane-proximal domain of CD33 to maximize the efficacy of natural killer cell-based immunotherapies.Haematologica · 2025Article
- Molecular parameters governing antibody FcγR signaling and effector functions in the context of HIV envelope.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Effectors of the Future: Universal Chimeric Antigen Receptor.Transfusion medicine and hemotherapy : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhamatologie · 2025Review
- Tumor-Expressed SPPL3 Supports Innate Antitumor Immune Responses.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
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- Preventative Cancer Vaccine-Elicited Human Anti-MUC1 Antibodies Have Multiple Effector Functions.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Therapeutic antibodies in oncology: an immunopharmacological overview.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Review
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immunotherapy using mAbs, such as rituximab, is an established means of treating hematological malignancies. Abs can elicit a number of mechanisms to delete target cells, including complement-dependent cytotoxicity, Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and Ab-dependent cellular phagocytosis. The inherent properties of the target molecule help to define which of these mechanisms are more important for efficacy. However, it is often unclear why mAb binding to different epitopes within the same target elicits different levels of therapeutic activity. To specifically address whether distance from the target cell membrane influences the aforementioned effector mechanisms, a panel of fusion proteins consisting of a CD20 or CD52 epitope attached to various CD137 scaffold molecules was generated. The CD137 scaffold was modified through the removal or addition of cysteine-rich extracellular domains to produce a panel of chimeric molecules that held the target epitope at different distances along the protein. It was shown that complement-dependent cytotoxicity and Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity favored a membrane-proximal epitope, whereas Ab-dependent cellular phagocytosis favored an epitope positioned further away. These findings were confirmed using reagents targeting the membrane-proximal or -distal domains of CD137 itself before investigating these properties in vivo, where a clear difference in the splenic clearance of transfected tumor cells was observed. Together, this work demonstrates how altering the position of the Ab epitope is able to change the effector mechanisms engaged and facilitates the selection of mAbs designed to delete target cells through specific effector mechanisms and provide more effective therapeutic agents.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.