ArticleMalaria journal2017
Spatial clustering and risk factors of malaria infections in Bata district, Equatorial Guinea.
Article in Malaria journal, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spatial and spatio-temporal methods for mapping malaria risk: a systematic review.BMJ global health · 2020Pooled it
- Unraveling global malaria incidence and mortality using machine learning and artificial intelligence-driven spatial analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The spatial signature of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum infections: quantifying the clustering of infections in cross-sectional surveys and cohort studies.Malaria journal · 2023Article
- Effects of Age, Gender and Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infection on Prevalence ofTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Population genetic analysis of the Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte binding antigen-175 (EBA-175) gene in Equatorial Guinea.Malaria journal · 2021Article
- Clustering of malaria in households in the Greater Mekong Subregion: operational implications for reactive case detection.Malaria journal · 2021Article
- Coupling ITO3dE model and GIS for spatiotemporal evolution analysis of agricultural non-point source pollution risks in Chongqing in China.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Prevalence of malaria and factors associated with infection in children aged 6 months to 9 years in Guinea: Results from a national cross-sectional study.Parasite epidemiology and control · 2020Article
- Improving the efficiency of reactive case detection for malaria elimination in southern Zambia: a cross-sectional study.Malaria journal · 2020Article
- A Scoping Review of Spatial Analysis Approaches Using Health Survey Data in Sub-Saharan Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Malaria determining risk factors at the household level in two rural villages of mainland Equatorial Guinea.Malaria journal · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe transmission of malaria is intense in the majority of the countries of sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in those that are located along the Equatorial strip. The present study aimed to describe the current distribution of malaria prevalence among children and its environment-related factors as well as to detect malaria spatial clusters in the district of Bata, in Equatorial Guinea.
methodsFrom June to August 2013 a representative cross-sectional survey using a multistage, stratified, cluster-selected sample was carried out of children in urban and rural areas of Bata District. All children were tested for malaria using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Results were linked to each household by global position system data. Two cluster analysis methods were used: hot spot analysis using the Getis-Ord Gi statistic, and the SaTScan™ spatial statistic estimates, based on the assumption of a Poisson distribution to detect spatial clusters. In addition, univariate associations and Poisson regression model were used to explore the association between malaria prevalence at household level with different environmental factors.
resultsA total of 1416 children aged 2 months to 15 years living in 417 households were included in this study. Malaria prevalence by RDTs was 47.53%, being highest in the age group 6-15 years (63.24%, p < 0.001). Those children living in rural areas were there malaria risk is greater (65.81%) (p < 0.001). Malaria prevalence was higher in those houses located <1 km from a river and <3 km to a forest (IRR: 1.31; 95% CI 1.13-1.51 and IRR: 1.44; 95% CI 1.25-1.66, respectively). Poisson regression analysis also showed a decrease in malaria prevalence with altitude (IRR: 0.73; 95% CI 0.62-0.86). A significant cluster inland of the district, in rural areas has been found.
conclusionsThis study reveals a high prevalence of RDT-based malaria among children in Bata district. Those households situated in inland rural areas, near to a river, a green area and/or at low altitude were a risk factor for malaria. Spatial tools can help policy makers to promote new recommendations for malaria control.
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