ArticleThe Journal of school nursing : the official publication of the National Association of School Nurses2017
Milk Options Observation (MOO): A Mixed-Methods Study of Chocolate Milk Removal on Beverage Consumption and Student/Staff Behaviors in a Rural Elementary School.
Article in The Journal of school nursing : the official publication of the National Association of School Nurses, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nurse-Involved Policy, Systems, and Environmental School-Based Interventions for Supporting Healthy Nutrition and Obesity Prevention Among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.The Journal of school nursing : the official publication of the National Association of School Nurses · 2025Pooled it
- Objectively-measured Environmental Support for Physical Activity, Healthy Eating, and Breastfeeding in the Rural United States: A Scoping Review to Inform Opportunities for Public Health Surveillance.Journal of healthy eating and active living · 2025Article
- Subjectively-measured Environmental Support for Physical Activity, Healthy Eating, and Breastfeeding in the Rural United States: A Scoping Review to Inform Opportunities for Public Health Surveillance.Journal of healthy eating and active living · 2025Article
- Effect of Removing Chocolate Milk on Milk and Nutrient Intake Among Urban Secondary School Students.Preventing chronic disease · 2020Article
- Inverse association of calcium intake with abdominal adiposity and C-reactive protein in Brazilian children.Public health nutrition · 2018Article
- Participatory implementation science to increase the impact of evidence-based cancer prevention and control.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2018Article
- The Evolving Collaborative Relationship between Practice-Based Research Networks (PBRNs) and Clinical and Translational Science Awardees (CTSAs).Journal of clinical and translational science · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Providing flavored milk in school lunches is controversial, with conflicting evidence on its impact on nutritional intake versus added sugar consumption and excess weight gain. Nonindustry-sponsored studies using individual-level analyses are needed. Therefore, we conducted this mixed-methods study of flavored milk removal at a rural primary school between May and June 2012. We measured beverage selection/consumption pre- and post-chocolate milk removal and collected observation field notes. We used linear and logistic mixed models to assess beverage waste and identified themes in staff and student reactions. Our analysis of data from 315 unique students and 1,820 beverages choices indicated that average added sugar intake decreased by 2.8 g postremoval, while average reductions in calcium and protein consumption were negligible (12.2 mg and 0.3 g, respectively). Five thematic findings emerged, including concerns expressed by adult staff about student rebellion following removal, which did not come to fruition. Removing flavored milk from school-provided lunches may lower students' daily added sugar consumption without considerably decreasing calcium and protein intake and may promote healthy weight.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.