Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28403088›Full record

SynthesisMedicine2017

Changes of transforming growth factor beta 1 in patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis.

Yong-Chao Qiao, Yin-Ling Chen, Yan-Hong Pan, Wei Ling, Fang Tian, Xiao-Xi Zhang, Hai-Lu Zhao

Open access · goldAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.1field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Nephroprotective Effects ofCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Metabolic Health and Disease: A Role of Osteokines?Calcified tissue international · 2023
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Up-Date on Diabetic Nephropathy.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.

Yong-Chao QiaoDiabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Department of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.
Yin-Ling Chen
Yan-Hong Pan
Wei Ling
Fang Tian
Xiao-Xi Zhang
Hai-Lu Zhao
U.S. National Science Foundation · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe existing evidence indicates increased levels of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and those with type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN); yet no meta-analysis displays a reliable result. Here we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate characteristic changes of TGF-β1 in T2DM and diabetic nephropathy.

methodsA systematic search was conducted for eligible studies, which reported the association of TGF-β1 withT2DM and T2DN patients, in PubMed, Wangfang, Chinese-Cqvip, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, from February 1, 1991 to December 15, 2015. The association of serum and urine TGF-β1 in T2DM and T2DN patients should be evaluated in case-control studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to access the quality of the included studies, and pooling data were synthesized as standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The collected data were synthesized according to Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews criteria. Subgroup analysis was conducted by albuminuria and ethnicity. Regression analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was judged by the Egger test.

resultsSixty-three case-control studies of 364 T2DM patients (1604 T2DN patients) and 2100 healthy controls were included for meta-analysis. Compared with the controls, the cases had increased TGF-β1 levels in both serum (T2DM: SMD 1.78 μg/L; 95% CI 0.98-2.59, P < .001; T2DN: SMD 4.70 μg/L, 95% CI 3.55-5.85, P < .001) and urine samples (T2DM: SMD 1.27 pg/mg.creatinine, 95% CI 0.16-2.38, P < .001; SMD 1.19 ng/L, 95% CI 0.77-1.62, P < .001; T2DN: SMD 3.14 pg/mg.creatinine, 95% CI 2.15-4.13, P < .001; SMD 4.50 ng/L, 95% CI 3.16-5.83, P < .001). The increase of serum TGF-β1 persisted in patients with either microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria (all P < .001) in Chinese and non-Chinese population. High heterogeneity exists in some comparisons and small-sample studies.

conclusionsPatients with T2DM and those with albuminuria, Chinese or non-Chinese, had increased serum and urine TGF-β1 levels.

Indexed as

AlbuminuriaBiomarkersCase-Control StudiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic NephropathiesFemaleHumansMalePrognosisTransforming Growth Factor beta1BiomarkersTGFB1 protein, humanTransforming Growth Factor beta1

Identifiers

PMID28403088
PMCPMC5403085
OpenAlexW2605945159

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.