Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28402770›Full record

ArticleThe New England journal of medicine2017

Mortality and Cardiovascular Disease in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes.

Aidin Rawshani, Araz Rawshani, Stefan Franzén, Björn Eliasson, Ann-Marie Svensson, Mervete Miftaraj, Darren K McGuire, Naveed Sattar, Annika Rosengren, Soffia Gudbjörnsdottir

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The New England journal of medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 591 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
591citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
83.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06674161 not yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

The Impact of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Cardiovascular Events in Saudi Arabia Now and Future

TypeobservationalSponsorKing Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research CenterRan2024 to 2030Enrolled80ConditionsMortality of Patients with CVD, Mortality of Patients with CVD and T2DM, Mortality of Patients with T2DM, Mortality of Patients with Neither
NCT06735651 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Wild Blueberries for Gut, Brain, and Cardiometabolic Health in Female Adults With Prediabetes.

TypeinterventionalSponsorGeorgia State UniversityRan2024 to 2026Enrolled30ConditionsPrediabetes (Insulin Resistance, Impaired Glucose Tolerance), Female, Adult, Endothelial Function (Reactive Hyperemia)ArmsWild Blueberry, Placebo
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

591 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,360 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Prognostic models for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetes: Systematic review.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026
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  13. Prognostic value of risk factors for ischaemic and major bleeding events in chronic coronary syndrome: a SWEDEHEART registry study.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2026
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531 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Aidin RawshaniFrom the Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg (Aidin Rawshani, Araz Rawshani, B.E., A. Rosengren, S.G.), and the Swedish National Diabetes Register, Center of Registers in Region (Aidin Rawshani, Araz Rawshani, S.F., B.E., A.-M.S., M.M., S.G.), Gothenburg, Sweden; the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (D.K.M.); and the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (N.S.).
Araz RawshaniFrom the Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg (Aidin Rawshani, Araz Rawshani, B.E., A. Rosengren, S.G.), and the Swedish National Diabetes Register, Center of Registers in Region (Aidin Rawshani, Araz Rawshani, S.F., B.E., A.-M.S., M.M., S.G.), Gothenburg, Sweden; the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (D.K.M.); and the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (N.S.).
Stefan FranzénFrom the Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg (Aidin Rawshani, Araz Rawshani, B.E., A. Rosengren, S.G.), and the Swedish National Diabetes Register, Center of Registers in Region (Aidin Rawshani, Araz Rawshani, S.F., B.E., A.-M.S., M.M., S.G.), Gothenburg, Sweden; the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (D.K.M.); and the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (N.S.).
Björn EliassonFrom the Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg (Aidin Rawshani, Araz Rawshani, B.E., A. Rosengren, S.G.), and the Swedish National Diabetes Register, Center of Registers in Region (Aidin Rawshani, Araz Rawshani, S.F., B.E., A.-M.S., M.M., S.G.), Gothenburg, Sweden; the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (D.K.M.); and the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (N.S.).
Ann-Marie SvenssonFrom the Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg (Aidin Rawshani, Araz Rawshani, B.E., A. Rosengren, S.G.), and the Swedish National Diabetes Register, Center of Registers in Region (Aidin Rawshani, Araz Rawshani, S.F., B.E., A.-M.S., M.M., S.G.), Gothenburg, Sweden; the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (D.K.M.); and the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (N.S.).
Mervete MiftarajFrom the Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg (Aidin Rawshani, Araz Rawshani, B.E., A. Rosengren, S.G.), and the Swedish National Diabetes Register, Center of Registers in Region (Aidin Rawshani, Araz Rawshani, S.F., B.E., A.-M.S., M.M., S.G.), Gothenburg, Sweden; the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (D.K.M.); and the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (N.S.).
Darren K McGuireFrom the Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg (Aidin Rawshani, Araz Rawshani, B.E., A. Rosengren, S.G.), and the Swedish National Diabetes Register, Center of Registers in Region (Aidin Rawshani, Araz Rawshani, S.F., B.E., A.-M.S., M.M., S.G.), Gothenburg, Sweden; the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (D.K.M.); and the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (N.S.).
Naveed SattarFrom the Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg (Aidin Rawshani, Araz Rawshani, B.E., A. Rosengren, S.G.), and the Swedish National Diabetes Register, Center of Registers in Region (Aidin Rawshani, Araz Rawshani, S.F., B.E., A.-M.S., M.M., S.G.), Gothenburg, Sweden; the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (D.K.M.); and the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (N.S.).
Annika RosengrenFrom the Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg (Aidin Rawshani, Araz Rawshani, B.E., A. Rosengren, S.G.), and the Swedish National Diabetes Register, Center of Registers in Region (Aidin Rawshani, Araz Rawshani, S.F., B.E., A.-M.S., M.M., S.G.), Gothenburg, Sweden; the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (D.K.M.); and the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (N.S.).
Soffia GudbjörnsdottirFrom the Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg (Aidin Rawshani, Araz Rawshani, B.E., A. Rosengren, S.G.), and the Swedish National Diabetes Register, Center of Registers in Region (Aidin Rawshani, Araz Rawshani, S.F., B.E., A.-M.S., M.M., S.G.), Gothenburg, Sweden; the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (D.K.M.); and the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (N.S.).
Centre of Registers Vastra Gotaland · SEUniversity of Gothenburg · SEThe University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center · USUniversity of Glasgow · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLong-term trends in excess risk of death and cardiovascular outcomes have not been extensively studied in persons with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes.

methodsWe included patients registered in the Swedish National Diabetes Register from 1998 through 2012 and followed them through 2014. Trends in deaths and cardiovascular events were estimated with Cox regression and standardized incidence rates. For each patient, controls who were matched for age, sex, and county were randomly selected from the general population.

resultsAmong patients with type 1 diabetes, absolute changes during the study period in the incidence rates of sentinel outcomes per 10,000 person-years were as follows: death from any cause, -31.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], -56.1 to -6.7); death from cardiovascular disease, -26.0 (95% CI, -42.6 to -9.4); death from coronary heart disease, -21.7 (95% CI, -37.1 to -6.4); and hospitalization for cardiovascular disease, -45.7 (95% CI, -71.4 to -20.1). Absolute changes per 10,000 person-years among patients with type 2 diabetes were as follows: death from any cause, -69.6 (95% CI, -95.9 to -43.2); death from cardiovascular disease, -110.0 (95% CI, -128.9 to -91.1); death from coronary heart disease, -91.9 (95% CI, -108.9 to -75.0); and hospitalization for cardiovascular disease, -203.6 (95% CI, -230.9 to -176.3). Patients with type 1 diabetes had roughly 40% greater reduction in cardiovascular outcomes than controls, and patients with type 2 diabetes had roughly 20% greater reduction than controls. Reductions in fatal outcomes were similar in patients with type 1 diabetes and controls, whereas patients with type 2 diabetes had smaller reductions in fatal outcomes than controls.

conclusionsIn Sweden from 1998 through 2014, mortality and the incidence of cardiovascular outcomes declined substantially among persons with diabetes, although fatal outcomes declined less among those with type 2 diabetes than among controls. (Funded by the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions and others.).

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedAge of OnsetCardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleHospitalizationHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedMortalityProportional Hazards ModelsRegistries

Identifiers

PMID28402770
OpenAlexW2606281213

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.