Trial reportClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2017
Gut Microbial Diversity in Antibiotic-Naive Children After Systemic Antibiotic Exposure: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Trial report in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02048007 (Evaluating Impact of Azithromycin Mass Drug Administrations on All-cause Mortality and Antibiotic Resistance), which is not on this map. Cited by 56 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluating Impact of Azithromycin Mass Drug Administrations on All-cause Mortality and Antibiotic Resistance: Morbidity Study
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota in children - a systematic review.Frontiers in allergy · 2024Pooled it
- Impact of antibiotics on gut microbiome composition and resistome in the first years of life in low- to middle-income countries: A systematic review.PLoS medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Adverse events in people taking macrolide antibiotics versus placebo for any indication.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effect of one prophylactic dose of azithromycin on Bifidobacterium infantis colonization in infants from the Mumta trial.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2025Trial
- Gut Microbiome Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance After a Single Dose of Oral Azithromycin in Children: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Trial
- Gut Microbiome among Children with Uncomplicated Severe Acute Malnutrition in a Randomized Controlled Trial of Azithromycin versus Amoxicillin.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Trial
- Effect of Biannual Mass Azithromycin Distributions to Preschool-Aged Children on Trachoma Prevalence in Niger: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2022Trial
- Gut Bacterial Diversity and Growth among Preschool Children in Burkina Faso.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Trial
- Rapid Reduction ofThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Trial
- Intestinal microbiome analysis demonstrates azithromycin post-treatment effects improve when combined with lactulose.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2020Trial
- High-throughput sequencing of pooled samples to determine community-level microbiome diversity.Annals of epidemiology · 2019Trial
- Gut microbiome alteration in MORDOR I: a community-randomized trial of mass azithromycin distribution.Nature medicine · 2019Trial
- Short-term weight gain among preschool children in rural Burkina Faso: a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial.BMJ open · 2019Trial
- Short- and long-term impacts of azithromycin treatment on the gut microbiota in children: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.EBioMedicine · 2018Trial
- Effect of Antibiotics on Short-Term Growth among Children in Burkina Faso: A Randomized Trial.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2018Trial
- Antibiotic Class-Specific Effects on Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Microbiome Disruption, Risk, and Recovery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Microbial diversity and fitness in the gut-brain axis: influences on developmental risk for Alzheimer's disease.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Developing a data-enabled nudge intervention for childhood antibiotics in primary care: a qualitative study.BJGP open · 2025Article
- Assessing the potential for non-digestible carbohydrates toward mitigating adverse effects of antibiotics on microbiota composition and activity in an in vitro colon model of the weaning infant.FEMS microbiology ecology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Antibiotic exposure can alter the gut microbiome. We evaluate the effects of azithromycin on the gut microbiome diversity of children from an antibiotic-naive community in Niger. Methods: A population-based sample of 80 children aged 1-60 months in the Dosso region of Niger was randomized to receive a single dose of either oral azithromycin or placebo. Fecal samples were collected immediately before treatment and 5 days after treatment for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The prespecified outcome was α-diversity (inverse Simpson's α-diversity index), with secondary outcomes of β and γ Simpson's and Shannon's diversities. Results: At 5 days after treatment, 40 children aged 1-60 months were analyzed in the azithromycin-treated group and 40 children in the placebo-treated group. Diversity of the gut microbiome was significantly lower in the treated group (inverse Simpson's α-diversity, 5.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.08-6.14) than in the placebo group (6.91; 95% CI, 5.82-8.21; P = .03). Similarly, the Shannon's α-diversity was lower in the treated group (10.60; 95% CI, 8.82-12.36) than the placebo group (15.42; 95% CI, 13.24-17.80; P = .004). Simpson's community-level (γ) diversity decreased with azithromycin exposure from 17.72 (95% CI, 13.80-20.21) to 10.10 (95% CI, 7.80-11.40; P = .00008), although β-diversity was not significantly reduced (2.56, 95% CI, 1.88-3.12; to 2.01, 95% CI, 1.46-2.51; P = .26). Conclusions: Oral administration of azithromycin definitively decreases the diversity of the gut microbiome of children in an antibiotic-naive community. Clinical Trials Registration: NCT02048007.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.