ArticleCellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)2017
Silymarin and its active component silibinin act as novel therapeutic alternatives for salivary gland cancer by targeting the ERK1/2-Bim signaling cascade.
Article in Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Radiosensitizing Potentials of Silymarin/Silibinin in Cancer: A Systematic Review.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Pooled it
- Milk Thistle (Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Kaempferol induces apoptosis through the MAPK pathway and regulates JNK-mediated autophagy in MC-3 cells.Toxicological research · 2024Article
- Exploiting Vitamin D Receptor and Its Ligands to Target Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Head and Neck.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The Vitamin D Receptor-BIM Axis Overcomes Cisplatin Resistance in Head and Neck Cancer.Cancers · 2022Article
- Mechanistic Insights into the Pharmacological Significance of Silymarin.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Heme Oxygenase-1 is a Key Molecule Underlying Differential Response of TW-37-Induced Apoptosis in Human Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Interfering with bromodomain epigenome readers as therapeutic option in mucoepidermoid carcinoma.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2019Article
- Induction of sestrin 2 is associated with fisetin-mediated apoptosis in human head and neck cancer cell lines.Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition · 2019Article
- Radio-sensitization of head and neck cancer cells by a combination of poly(I:C) and cisplatin through downregulation of survivin and c-IAP2.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2019Article
- Naturally occurring anti-cancer compounds: shining from Chinese herbal medicine.Chinese medicine · 2019Review
- AAA+ ATPases Reptin and Pontin as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in salivary gland cancer - a short report.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2018Article
- Effects of Silymarin-Loaded Nanoparticles on HT-29 Human Colon Cancer Cells.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2018Article
- Role of Silymarin in Cancer Treatment: Facts, Hypotheses, and Questions.Journal of evidence-based integrative medicineReview
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeApproximately 20% of all salivary gland cancer patients who are treated with current treatment modalities will ultimately develop metastases. Its most common form, mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is a highly aggressive tumor with an overall 5-year survival rate of ~30%. Until now, several chemotherapeutic drugs have been tested for the treatment of salivary gland tumors, but the results have been disappointing and the drugs often cause unwanted side effects. Therefore, several recent studies have focused on the potential of alternative and/or complementary therapeutic options, including the use of silymarin.
methodsThe effects of silymarin and its active component silibinin on salivary gland cancer-derived MC3 and HN22 cells and their underlying molecular mechanisms were examined using trypan blue exclusion, 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, Live/Dead, Annexin V/PI staining, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) measurement, quantitative RT-PCR, soft agar colony formation and Western blotting analyses.
resultsWe found that silymarin and silibinin dramatically increased the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bim in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and, concomitantly, induced apoptosis in MC3 and HN22 cells. We also found that ERK1/2 signaling inhibition successfully sensitized these cells to the apoptotic effects of silymarin and silibinin, which indicates that the ERK1/2 signaling pathway may act as an upstream regulator that modulates the silymarin/silibinin-induced Bim signaling pathway.
conclusionsTaken together, we conclude that ERK1/2 signaling pathway inhibition by silymarin and silibinin increases the expression of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bim which, subsequently, induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in salivary gland cancer-derived cells.
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