ArticleTobacco control2018
Flavour chemicals in a sample of non-cigarette tobacco products without explicit flavour names sold in New York City in 2015.
Article in Tobacco control, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- Patterns in US Cigar Sales and Prices from 2021 to 2025: An Examination of Pack Size, Flavor, "Natural" Descriptors, and Brand.Research square · 2026Article
- Themes in e-liquid concept names as a marketing tactic: evidence from Premarket Tobacco Product Applications in the USA.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Mono and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in waterpipe wastewater: Level and ecotoxicological risk assessment.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Concept flavor e-cigarette unit sales in the U.S.: 2019-2022.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- First report on BTEX leaching from waterpipe tobacco wastes (WTWs) into aquatic environment.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Flavored Tobacco and Nicotine Use Among California Adolescents: Preferences by Use Experience and Survey Format Effects.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2023Article
- Closing the loopholes on a flavored cigar ban: Anticipated challenges and solutions.Preventive medicine · 2022Article
- Flavour loyalty may predict cessation or substitution following a cigarillo flavour ban among young adults in the USA.Tobacco control · 2022Article
- 'Menthol-Plus': a major category of cigarette found among 'concept' descriptor cigarettes from Mexico.Tobacco control · 2022Article
- Dissonance in Young Adult Cigarillo Users' Categorization of Concept Flavored and Unflavored Products.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- A Comprehensive Qualitative Review of Studies Evaluating the Impact of Local US Laws Restricting the Sale of Flavored and Menthol Tobacco Products.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Review
- Comparison of Urinary Heavy Metals and Pulmonary Function Test in Cafe Workers Based on Exposure to Secondhand Tobacco Smoke, Tehran 2021.International journal of preventive medicine · 2022Article
- Use of toenail-bounded heavy metals to characterize occupational exposure and oxidative stress in workers of waterpipe/cigarette cafés.Environmental geochemistry and health · 2021Article
- A discarded cigar package survey in New York City: indicators of non-compliance with local flavoured tobacco restrictions.Tobacco control · 2020Article
- Impact of E-Cigarette Liquid Flavoring Agents on Activity of Microsomal Recombinant CYP2A6, the Primary Nicotine-Metabolizing Enzyme.Chemical research in toxicology · 2020Article
- The actual and anticipated effects of a menthol cigarette ban: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Flavour types used by youth and adult tobacco users in wave 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study 2014-2015.Tobacco control · 2020Article
- Flavored Tobacco Sales Prohibition (2009) and Noncigarette Tobacco Products in Retail Stores (2017), New York City.American journal of public health · 2020Article
- Advancing Tobacco Control Through Point of Sale Policies, Providence, Rhode Island.Preventing chronic disease · 2019Article
- National and state patterns of concept-flavoured cigar sales, USA, 2012-2016.Tobacco control · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundYouth who experiment with tobacco often start with flavoured products. In New York City (NYC), local law restricts sales of all tobacco products with 'characterising flavours' except for 'tobacco, menthol, mint and wintergreen'. Enforcement is based on packaging: explicit use of a flavour name (eg, 'strawberry') or image depicting a flavour (eg, a fruit) is presumptive evidence that a product is flavoured and therefore prohibited. However, a tobacco product may contain significant levels of added flavour chemicals even when the label does not explicitly use a flavour name.
methodsSixteen tobacco products were purchased within NYC in 2015 that did not have explicit flavour names, along with three with flavour names. These were analysed for 92 known flavour chemicals plus triacetin by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
results14 of the 16 products had total determined flavour chemical levels that were higher (>0.3 mg/g) than in previously studied flavour-labelled products and of a chemical profile indicating added flavour chemicals.
conclusionsThe results suggest that the tobacco industry has responded to sales restrictions by renaming flavoured products to avoid explicitly identifying them as flavoured. While chemical analysis is the most precise means of identifying flavours in tobacco products, federal tobacco laws pre-empt localities from basing regulations on that approach, limiting enforcement options. If the Food and Drug Administration would mandate that all tobacco products must indicate when flavourings are present above a specific level, local jurisdictions could enforce their sales restrictions. A level of 0.1 mg/g for total added flavour chemicals is suggested here as a relevant reference value for regulating added flavour chemicals in tobacco products.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.