ArticleBMC health services research2017
Sex differences in healthcare expenditures among adults with diabetes: evidence from the medical expenditure panel survey, 2002-2011.
Article in BMC health services research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Sex-based disparities with cost-related medication adherence issues in patients with hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2024Article
- Catastrophic health expenditures: a disproportionate risk in uninsured ethnic minorities with diabetes.Health economics review · 2024Article
- Potential Factors Associated with Healthcare Utilization for Balance Problems in Community-Dwelling Adults within the United States: A Narrative Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Gender gaps in type 1 diabetes care.Acta diabetologica · 2023Article
- Effects of Part D Star Ratings on racial and ethnic disparities in health care costs.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2023Article
- Sex Differences in the Feasibility of Aerobic Exercise Training for Improving Cardiometabolic Health Outcomes in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Household costs and care seeking patterns associated with COVID-19 in Blantyre, Malawi.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Financial Toxicities Persist for Cancer Survivors Irrespective of Current Cancer Status: An Analysis of Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.Cancer research communications · 2022Article
- Sex differences in glycemic measures, complications, discharge disposition, and postdischarge emergency room visits and readmission among non-critically ill, hospitalized patients with diabetes.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2022Observational
- The Diabetes-Cardiovascular Connection in Women: Understanding the Known Risks, Outcomes, and Implications for Care.Current diabetes reports · 2022Review
- Prescription Opioids and Patient Sex: A National Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2021Article
- Tailoring an evidence-based lifestyle intervention to meet the needs of women Veterans with prediabetes.Women & health · 2020Article
- Gene Expression Profiling of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Bioinformatics Analysis.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2020Article
- Hospital Charge Variability across New York State: Sociodemographic Factors in Pituitary Surgery.Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base · 2019Article
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4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe evidence assessing differences in medical costs between men and women with diabetes living in the United States is sparse; however, evidence suggests women generally have higher healthcare expenditures compared to men. Since little is known about these differences, the aim of this study was to assess differences in out-of-pocket (OOP) and total healthcare expenditures among adults with diabetes.
methodsData were used from 20,442 adults (≥18 years of age) with diabetes from the 2002-2011 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Dependent variables were OOP and total direct expenditures for multiple health services (prescription, office-based, inpatient, outpatient, emergency, dental, home healthcare, and other services). The independent variable was sex. Covariates included sociodemographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, and time. Sample demographics were summarized. Mean OOP and total direct expenditures for health services by sex status were analyzed. Regression models were performed to assess incremental costs of healthcare expenditures by sex among adults with diabetes.
resultsFifty-six percent of the sample was composed of women. Unadjusted mean OOP costs were higher for women for prescriptions ($1177; 95% CI $1117-$1237 vs. $959; 95% CI $918-$1000; p < 0.001) compared to men. Unadjusted mean total direct expenditures were also higher for women for prescriptions ($3797; 95% CI $3660-$3934 vs. $3334; 95% CI $3208-$3460; p < 0.001) and home healthcare ($752; 95% CI $646-$858 vs. $397; 95% CI $332-$462; p < 0.001). When adjusting for covariates, higher OOP and total direct costs persisted for women for prescription services (OOP: $156; 95% CI $87-$225; p < 0.001 and total: $184; 95% CI $50-$318; p = 0.007). Women also paid > $50 OOP for office-based visits (p < 0.001) and > $55 total expenditures for home healthcare (p = 0.041) compared to men after adjustments.
conclusionsOur findings show women with diabetes have higher OOP and total direct expenditures compared to men. Additional research is needed to investigate this disparity between men and women and to understand the associated drivers and clinical implications. Policy recommendations are warranted to minimize the higher burden of costs for women with diabetes.
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