ArticleBMJ open2017
Intimate partner violence among pregnant women in Rwanda, its associated risk factors and relationship to ANC services attendance: a population-based study.
Article in BMJ open, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intimate partner violence during pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Reproductive health · 2026Pooled it
- Risk factors for perinatal intimate partner violence: a global systematic review and meta-analyses.BMC women's health · 2025Pooled it
- The prevalence of sexual violence against African women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.African health sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Sexual violence against women remains problematic and highly prevalent around the world.BMC women's health · 2023Pooled it
- State of Knowledge and Awareness of Preconception Preparedness among Premarital Couples in Rwanda: A Quantitative Cross-Sectional Survey.Rwanda journal of medicine and health sciences · 2026Article
- Obstetric violence and its associated factors among HIV-positive women receiving birth care at public health facilities, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy among Postnatal Mothers Attending Health Centers in Lalitpur District, Nepal: An Observational Study.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2025Observational
- Intimate partner violence and maternal antenatal care utilization: is there a dose-response relationship? Findings from the Ethiopian National Demographic and Health Survey.International health · 2025Article
- Magnitude and determinants of intimate partner violence against women in Somalia: evidence from the SDHS survey 2020 dataset.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Women's exposure to intimate partner violence and its association with child stunting: findings from a population-based study in rural Rwanda.Global health action · 2024Article
- Mental health outcomes of offspring exposed to parental intimate partner violence in Rwanda.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Intimate partner violence is independently associated with poor utilization of antenatal care in Arba Minch town, southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Help-seeking behaviors and determinant factors among women exposed to intimate partner violence in East Africa based on recent demographic and health survey data: a multilevel analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Sexual violence and associated factors among women of reproductive age in Rwanda: a 2020 nationwide cross-sectional survey.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2023Article
- Intimate partner violence during pregnancy in COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study from South-west of Iran.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Prevalence of sexual violence and associated factors among women attending antenatal care in Debre Markos at public health institutions in north-west Ethiopia, 2021.Frontiers in global women's health · 2023Article
- Multilevel analysis of factors for intimate partner violence during pregnancy in Gammo Goffa Zone, South Ethiopia: A community based study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Interpersonal Violence Around Pregnancy Experienced by Rural and Urban Canadian Women: Correlates and Selected Health Outcomes.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2022Article
- Intimate partner violence and timely antenatal care visits in sub-Saharan Africa.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2022Article
- Intimate partner violence as a predictor of antenatal care services utilization in Rwanda.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo investigate the prevalence of four forms of intimate partner violence during pregnancy in Rwandan women, associated sociodemographic and psychosocial factors and relationship to antenatal care service usage.
designThis was a cross-sectional population-based study conducted in the Northern province of Rwanda and in Kigali city. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTINGS: A total of 921 women who gave birth within the past 13 months were included. Villages in the study area were selected using a multistage random sampling technique and community health workers helped in identifying eligible participants. Clinical psychologists, nurses or midwives carried out face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess associations.
resultsThe prevalence rates of physical, sexual, psychological violence and controlling behaviour during pregnancy were 10.2% (95% CI 8.3 to 12.2), 9.7% (95% CI 7.8 to 11.6), 17.0% (95% CI 14.6 to 19.4) and 20.0% (95% CI 17.4 to 22.6), respectively. Usage of antenatal care services was less common among women who reported controlling behaviour (OR) 1.93 (95% CI 1.34 to 2.79). No statistically significant associations between physical, psychological and sexual violence and antenatal care usage were found. Low socioeconomic status was associated with physical violence exposure (OR) 2.27 (95% CI 1.29 to 3.98). Also, young age, living in urban areas and poor social support were statistically significant in their associations with violence exposure during pregnancy.
conclusionsIntimate partner violence inquiry should be included in the standard antenatal care services package and professionals should be trained in giving support, advice and care to those exposed. Gender-based violence is criminalised behaviour in Rwanda; existing policies and laws must be followed and awareness raised in society for preventive purposes.
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