ArticlePloS one2017
Microbial quality of agricultural water in Central Florida.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Methodological differences between studies confound one-size-fits-all approaches to managing surface waterways for food and water safety.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Prevalence of STEC virulence markers andFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Salmonella Prevalence Is Strongly Associated with Spatial Factors while Listeria monocytogenes Prevalence Is Strongly Associated with Temporal Factors on Virginia Produce Farms.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- Fecal Contamination in the Wastewater Irrigation System and its Health Threat to Wastewater-Based Farming Households in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Environmental health insights · 2023Article
- Correlation value determined to increase Salmonella prediction success of deep neural network for agricultural waters.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2022Article
- Revisiting the Biological Behavior ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Article
- The Persistence of Bacterial Pathogens in Surface Water and Its Impact on Global Food Safety.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Parsimonious Mechanistic Modeling of Bacterial Runoff into Irrigation Ponds To Inform Food Safety Management of Agricultural Water Quality.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2021Article
- Article
- Free-Living Aquatic Turtles as Sentinels ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
- Molecular Detection and Distribution of Six Medically ImportantFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Evaluation of ultraviolet (UV-C) light treatment for microbial inactivation in agricultural waters with different levels of turbidity.Food science & nutrition · 2020Article
- The Composition of Microbial Communities in Six Streams, and Its Association With Environmental Conditions, and Foodborne Pathogen Isolation.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Complex Interactions Between Weather, and Microbial and Physicochemical Water Quality Impact the Likelihood of Detecting Foodborne Pathogens in Agricultural Water.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Diversity and Dynamics ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Evaluation of Grower-Friendly, Science-Based Sampling Approaches for the Detection of Salmonella in Ponds Used for Irrigation of Fresh Produce.Foodborne pathogens and disease · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The microbial quality of water that comes into the edible portion of produce is believed to directly relate to the safety of produce, and metrics describing indicator organisms are commonly used to ensure safety. The US FDA Produce Safety Rule (PSR) sets very specific microbiological water quality metrics for agricultural water that contacts the harvestable portion of produce. Validation of these metrics for agricultural water is essential for produce safety. Water samples (500 mL) from six agricultural ponds were collected during the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 growing seasons (46 and 44 samples respectively, 540 from all ponds). Microbial indicator populations (total coliforms, generic Escherichia coli, and enterococci) were enumerated, environmental variables (temperature, pH, conductivity, redox potential, and turbidity) measured, and pathogen presence evaluated by PCR. Salmonella isolates were serotyped and analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Following rain events, coliforms increased up to 4.2 log MPN/100 mL. Populations of coliforms and enterococci ranged from 2 to 8 and 1 to 5 log MPN/100 mL, respectively. Microbial indicators did not correlate with environmental variables, except pH (P<0.0001). The invA gene (Salmonella) was detected in 26/540 (4.8%) samples, in all ponds and growing seasons, and 14 serotypes detected. Six STEC genes were detected in samples: hly (83.3%), fliC (51.8%), eaeA (17.4%), rfbE (17.4%), stx-I (32.6%), stx-II (9.4%). While all ponds met the PSR requirements, at least one virulence gene from Salmonella (invA-4.8%) or STEC (stx-I-32.6%, stx-II-9.4%) was detected in each pond. Water quality for tested agricultural ponds, below recommended standards, did not guarantee the absence of pathogens. Investigating the relationships among physicochemical attributes, environmental factors, indicator microorganisms, and pathogen presence allows researchers to have a greater understanding of contamination risks from agricultural surface waters in the field.
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