ArticleSocial cognitive and affective neuroscience2017
Putting race in context: social class modulates processing of race in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and amygdala.
Article in Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Meta-Analysis of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies on In-Group and Out-Group Categorization.Brain and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Community-level explicit racial prejudice potentiates whites' neural responses to black faces: A spatial meta-analysis.Social neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Dissociable impacts of perceived race and ascribed status in event-related brain potentials and multivariate network activity.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- The reciprocal relationship between openness and creativity: from neurobiology to multicultural environments.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- A Neurosociological Theory of Culturally and Structurally Situated Cognition and Ethno-Racial Stress.Frontiers in sociology · 2021Article
- Regional and network neural activity reflect men's preference for greater socioeconomic status during impression formation.Scientific reports · 2020Observational
- The effect of ethnicity and team membership on face processing: a cultural neuroscience perspective.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2019Article
- Opening the "Black Box": Functions of the Frontal Lobes and Their Implications for Sociology.Frontiers in sociology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A growing body of literature demonstrates that racial group membership can influence neural responses, e.g. when individuals perceive or interact with persons of another race. However, little attention has been paid to social class, a factor that interacts with racial inequalities in American society. We extend previous literature on race-related neural activity by focusing on how the human brain responds to racial out-groups cast in positively valued social class positions vs less valued ones. We predicted that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and the amygdala would have functionally dissociable roles, with the vmPFC playing a more significant role within socially valued in-groups (i.e. the middle-class) and the amygdala having a more crucial role for socially ambivalent and threatening categories (i.e. upper and lower class). We tested these predictions with two complementary studies: (i) a neuropsychological experiment with patients with the vmPFC or amygdala lesions, contrasted with brain damaged and normal comparison participants, and (ii) a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment with 15 healthy adults. Our findings suggest that two distinct mechanisms underlie class-based racial evaluations, one engaging the vmPFC for positively identified in-group class and another recruiting the amygdala for the class groups that are marginalized or perceived as potential threats.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.