ArticleHypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)2017
Brain Renin-Angiotensin System: Does It Exist?
Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph
Article in Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed
7.1field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
What it found
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Physiological and Molecular Implications of Angiotensinergic Signaling in the Brainstem.Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Mechanisms of angiotensin II to induce depression in diabetes.Diabetology international · 2025Review
- Definitive Evidence for the Identification and Function of Renin-Expressing Cholinergic Neurons in the Nucleus Ambiguus.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2025Article
- Renin Is Essential for Angiotensin II Formation in the Brain.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- The role of the brain renin-angiotensin system in Parkinson´s disease.Translational neurodegeneration · 2024Review
- SGLT2 inhibition promotes glomerular repopulation by cells of renin lineage in experimental kidney disease.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- A Review on Neuroinflammatory Pathway Mediating Through Ang-II/AT1 Receptors and a Novel Approach for the Treatment of Cerebral Ischemia in Combination with ARB's and Ceftriaxone.Annals of neurosciences · 2024Review
- The Renin Angiotensin System as a Therapeutic Target in Traumatic Brain Injury.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2023Review
- Blood pressure-independent renoprotective effects of small interference RNA targeting liver angiotensinogen in experimental diabetes.British journal of pharmacology · 2023Article
- Genetic Ablation of Prorenin Receptor in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Influences Blood Pressure and Hydromineral Balance in Deoxycorticosterone-Salt Hypertension.Function (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Renin-a in the Subfornical Organ Plays a Critical Role in the Maintenance of Salt-Sensitive Hypertension.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Article
- Renin-Angiotensin System in Huntington's Disease: Evidence from Animal Models and Human Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Microanalysis of Brain Angiotensin Peptides Using Ultrasensitive Capillary Electrophoresis Trapped Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry.Analytical chemistry · 2022Article
- Cardiovascular therapeutics: A new potential for anxiety treatment?Medicinal research reviews · 2022Review
- Brain Renin-Angiotensin System as Novel and Potential Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- The Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor, a Target for Protection and Regeneration of the Peripheral Nervous System?Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Mildly Increased Renin Expression in the Absence of Kidney Injury in the Murine Transverse Aortic Constriction Model.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Bibi S van ThielFrom the Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine (B.S.v.T., A.G.M., L.t.R., D.S., E.U., I.M.G., F.P.J.L., A.H.J.D.), Department of Vascular Surgery (B.S.v.T., L.t.R., I.v.d.P., J.E.), Department of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands (B.S.v.T., I.v.d.P., J.E.), Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine (D.S., E.U.), Department of Radiation Oncology (J.E.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Endocrinology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany (F.Q., N.A., M.B.); DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Germany (M.B.); Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (M.B.); Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Germany (M.B.); Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University (L.P., R.R.); Institute of Normal and Pathophysiological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (L.P.); and Attoquant Diagnostics (O.D., M.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine III (O.D.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Alexandre Góes MartiniFrom the Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine (B.S.v.T., A.G.M., L.t.R., D.S., E.U., I.M.G., F.P.J.L., A.H.J.D.), Department of Vascular Surgery (B.S.v.T., L.t.R., I.v.d.P., J.E.), Department of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands (B.S.v.T., I.v.d.P., J.E.), Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine (D.S., E.U.), Department of Radiation Oncology (J.E.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Endocrinology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany (F.Q., N.A., M.B.); DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Germany (M.B.); Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (M.B.); Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Germany (M.B.); Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University (L.P., R.R.); Institute of Normal and Pathophysiological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (L.P.); and Attoquant Diagnostics (O.D., M.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine III (O.D.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Luuk Te RietFrom the Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine (B.S.v.T., A.G.M., L.t.R., D.S., E.U., I.M.G., F.P.J.L., A.H.J.D.), Department of Vascular Surgery (B.S.v.T., L.t.R., I.v.d.P., J.E.), Department of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands (B.S.v.T., I.v.d.P., J.E.), Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine (D.S., E.U.), Department of Radiation Oncology (J.E.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Endocrinology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany (F.Q., N.A., M.B.); DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Germany (M.B.); Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (M.B.); Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Germany (M.B.); Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University (L.P., R.R.); Institute of Normal and Pathophysiological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (L.P.); and Attoquant Diagnostics (O.D., M.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine III (O.D.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
David SeversFrom the Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine (B.S.v.T., A.G.M., L.t.R., D.S., E.U., I.M.G., F.P.J.L., A.H.J.D.), Department of Vascular Surgery (B.S.v.T., L.t.R., I.v.d.P., J.E.), Department of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands (B.S.v.T., I.v.d.P., J.E.), Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine (D.S., E.U.), Department of Radiation Oncology (J.E.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Endocrinology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany (F.Q., N.A., M.B.); DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Germany (M.B.); Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (M.B.); Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Germany (M.B.); Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University (L.P., R.R.); Institute of Normal and Pathophysiological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (L.P.); and Attoquant Diagnostics (O.D., M.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine III (O.D.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Estrellita UijlFrom the Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine (B.S.v.T., A.G.M., L.t.R., D.S., E.U., I.M.G., F.P.J.L., A.H.J.D.), Department of Vascular Surgery (B.S.v.T., L.t.R., I.v.d.P., J.E.), Department of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands (B.S.v.T., I.v.d.P., J.E.), Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine (D.S., E.U.), Department of Radiation Oncology (J.E.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Endocrinology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany (F.Q., N.A., M.B.); DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Germany (M.B.); Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (M.B.); Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Germany (M.B.); Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University (L.P., R.R.); Institute of Normal and Pathophysiological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (L.P.); and Attoquant Diagnostics (O.D., M.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine III (O.D.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Ingrid M GarreldsFrom the Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine (B.S.v.T., A.G.M., L.t.R., D.S., E.U., I.M.G., F.P.J.L., A.H.J.D.), Department of Vascular Surgery (B.S.v.T., L.t.R., I.v.d.P., J.E.), Department of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands (B.S.v.T., I.v.d.P., J.E.), Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine (D.S., E.U.), Department of Radiation Oncology (J.E.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Endocrinology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany (F.Q., N.A., M.B.); DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Germany (M.B.); Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (M.B.); Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Germany (M.B.); Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University (L.P., R.R.); Institute of Normal and Pathophysiological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (L.P.); and Attoquant Diagnostics (O.D., M.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine III (O.D.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Frank P J LeijtenFrom the Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine (B.S.v.T., A.G.M., L.t.R., D.S., E.U., I.M.G., F.P.J.L., A.H.J.D.), Department of Vascular Surgery (B.S.v.T., L.t.R., I.v.d.P., J.E.), Department of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands (B.S.v.T., I.v.d.P., J.E.), Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine (D.S., E.U.), Department of Radiation Oncology (J.E.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Endocrinology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany (F.Q., N.A., M.B.); DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Germany (M.B.); Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (M.B.); Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Germany (M.B.); Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University (L.P., R.R.); Institute of Normal and Pathophysiological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (L.P.); and Attoquant Diagnostics (O.D., M.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine III (O.D.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Ingrid van der PluijmFrom the Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine (B.S.v.T., A.G.M., L.t.R., D.S., E.U., I.M.G., F.P.J.L., A.H.J.D.), Department of Vascular Surgery (B.S.v.T., L.t.R., I.v.d.P., J.E.), Department of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands (B.S.v.T., I.v.d.P., J.E.), Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine (D.S., E.U.), Department of Radiation Oncology (J.E.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Endocrinology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany (F.Q., N.A., M.B.); DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Germany (M.B.); Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (M.B.); Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Germany (M.B.); Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University (L.P., R.R.); Institute of Normal and Pathophysiological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (L.P.); and Attoquant Diagnostics (O.D., M.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine III (O.D.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Jeroen EssersFrom the Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine (B.S.v.T., A.G.M., L.t.R., D.S., E.U., I.M.G., F.P.J.L., A.H.J.D.), Department of Vascular Surgery (B.S.v.T., L.t.R., I.v.d.P., J.E.), Department of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands (B.S.v.T., I.v.d.P., J.E.), Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine (D.S., E.U.), Department of Radiation Oncology (J.E.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Endocrinology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany (F.Q., N.A., M.B.); DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Germany (M.B.); Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (M.B.); Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Germany (M.B.); Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University (L.P., R.R.); Institute of Normal and Pathophysiological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (L.P.); and Attoquant Diagnostics (O.D., M.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine III (O.D.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Fatimunnisa QadriFrom the Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine (B.S.v.T., A.G.M., L.t.R., D.S., E.U., I.M.G., F.P.J.L., A.H.J.D.), Department of Vascular Surgery (B.S.v.T., L.t.R., I.v.d.P., J.E.), Department of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands (B.S.v.T., I.v.d.P., J.E.), Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine (D.S., E.U.), Department of Radiation Oncology (J.E.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Endocrinology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany (F.Q., N.A., M.B.); DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Germany (M.B.); Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (M.B.); Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Germany (M.B.); Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University (L.P., R.R.); Institute of Normal and Pathophysiological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (L.P.); and Attoquant Diagnostics (O.D., M.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine III (O.D.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Natalia AleninaFrom the Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine (B.S.v.T., A.G.M., L.t.R., D.S., E.U., I.M.G., F.P.J.L., A.H.J.D.), Department of Vascular Surgery (B.S.v.T., L.t.R., I.v.d.P., J.E.), Department of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands (B.S.v.T., I.v.d.P., J.E.), Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine (D.S., E.U.), Department of Radiation Oncology (J.E.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Endocrinology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany (F.Q., N.A., M.B.); DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Germany (M.B.); Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (M.B.); Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Germany (M.B.); Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University (L.P., R.R.); Institute of Normal and Pathophysiological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (L.P.); and Attoquant Diagnostics (O.D., M.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine III (O.D.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Michael BaderFrom the Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine (B.S.v.T., A.G.M., L.t.R., D.S., E.U., I.M.G., F.P.J.L., A.H.J.D.), Department of Vascular Surgery (B.S.v.T., L.t.R., I.v.d.P., J.E.), Department of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands (B.S.v.T., I.v.d.P., J.E.), Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine (D.S., E.U.), Department of Radiation Oncology (J.E.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Endocrinology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany (F.Q., N.A., M.B.); DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Germany (M.B.); Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (M.B.); Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Germany (M.B.); Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University (L.P., R.R.); Institute of Normal and Pathophysiological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (L.P.); and Attoquant Diagnostics (O.D., M.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine III (O.D.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Ludovit PaulisFrom the Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine (B.S.v.T., A.G.M., L.t.R., D.S., E.U., I.M.G., F.P.J.L., A.H.J.D.), Department of Vascular Surgery (B.S.v.T., L.t.R., I.v.d.P., J.E.), Department of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands (B.S.v.T., I.v.d.P., J.E.), Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine (D.S., E.U.), Department of Radiation Oncology (J.E.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Endocrinology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany (F.Q., N.A., M.B.); DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Germany (M.B.); Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (M.B.); Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Germany (M.B.); Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University (L.P., R.R.); Institute of Normal and Pathophysiological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (L.P.); and Attoquant Diagnostics (O.D., M.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine III (O.D.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Romana RajkovicovaFrom the Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine (B.S.v.T., A.G.M., L.t.R., D.S., E.U., I.M.G., F.P.J.L., A.H.J.D.), Department of Vascular Surgery (B.S.v.T., L.t.R., I.v.d.P., J.E.), Department of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands (B.S.v.T., I.v.d.P., J.E.), Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine (D.S., E.U.), Department of Radiation Oncology (J.E.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Endocrinology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany (F.Q., N.A., M.B.); DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Germany (M.B.); Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (M.B.); Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Germany (M.B.); Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University (L.P., R.R.); Institute of Normal and Pathophysiological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (L.P.); and Attoquant Diagnostics (O.D., M.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine III (O.D.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Oliver DomenigFrom the Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine (B.S.v.T., A.G.M., L.t.R., D.S., E.U., I.M.G., F.P.J.L., A.H.J.D.), Department of Vascular Surgery (B.S.v.T., L.t.R., I.v.d.P., J.E.), Department of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands (B.S.v.T., I.v.d.P., J.E.), Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine (D.S., E.U.), Department of Radiation Oncology (J.E.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Endocrinology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany (F.Q., N.A., M.B.); DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Germany (M.B.); Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (M.B.); Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Germany (M.B.); Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University (L.P., R.R.); Institute of Normal and Pathophysiological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (L.P.); and Attoquant Diagnostics (O.D., M.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine III (O.D.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Marko PoglitschFrom the Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine (B.S.v.T., A.G.M., L.t.R., D.S., E.U., I.M.G., F.P.J.L., A.H.J.D.), Department of Vascular Surgery (B.S.v.T., L.t.R., I.v.d.P., J.E.), Department of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands (B.S.v.T., I.v.d.P., J.E.), Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine (D.S., E.U.), Department of Radiation Oncology (J.E.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Endocrinology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany (F.Q., N.A., M.B.); DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Germany (M.B.); Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (M.B.); Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Germany (M.B.); Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University (L.P., R.R.); Institute of Normal and Pathophysiological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (L.P.); and Attoquant Diagnostics (O.D., M.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine III (O.D.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
A H Jan DanserFrom the Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine (B.S.v.T., A.G.M., L.t.R., D.S., E.U., I.M.G., F.P.J.L., A.H.J.D.), Department of Vascular Surgery (B.S.v.T., L.t.R., I.v.d.P., J.E.), Department of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands (B.S.v.T., I.v.d.P., J.E.), Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine (D.S., E.U.), Department of Radiation Oncology (J.E.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Endocrinology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany (F.Q., N.A., M.B.); DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany (N.A., M.B.); Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Germany (M.B.); Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (M.B.); Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Germany (M.B.); Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University (L.P., R.R.); Institute of Normal and Pathophysiological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (L.P.); and Attoquant Diagnostics (O.D., M.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine III (O.D.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria. a.danser@erasmusmc.nl.
Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences · SKGerman Centre for Cardiovascular Research · DEBerlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin · DECancer Genomics Centre · NLComenius University Bratislava · SKSlovak Academy of Sciences · SK
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Because of the presence of the blood-brain barrier, brain renin-angiotensin system activity should depend on local (pro)renin synthesis. Indeed, an intracellular form of renin has been described in the brain, but whether it displays angiotensin (Ang) I-generating activity (AGA) is unknown. Here, we quantified brain (pro)renin, before and after buffer perfusion of the brain, in wild-type mice, renin knockout mice, deoxycorticosterone acetate salt-treated mice, and Ang II-infused mice. Brain regions were homogenized and incubated with excess angiotensinogen to detect AGA, before and after prorenin activation, using a renin inhibitor to correct for nonrenin-mediated AGA. Renin-dependent AGA was readily detectable in brain regions, the highest AGA being present in brain stem (>thalamus=cerebellum=striatum=midbrain>hippocampus=cortex). Brain AGA increased marginally after prorenin activation, suggesting that brain prorenin is low. Buffer perfusion reduced AGA in all brain areas by >60%. Plasma renin (per mL) was 40× to 800× higher than brain renin (per gram). Renin was undetectable in plasma and brain of renin knockout mice. Deoxycorticosterone acetate salt and Ang II suppressed plasma renin and brain renin in parallel, without upregulating brain prorenin. Finally, Ang I was undetectable in brains of spontaneously hypertensive rats, while their brain/plasma Ang II concentration ratio decreased by 80% after Ang II type 1 receptor blockade. In conclusion, brain renin levels (per gram) correspond with the amount of renin present in 1 to 20 μL of plasma. Brain renin disappears after buffer perfusion and varies in association with plasma renin. This indicates that brain renin represents trapped plasma renin. Brain Ang II represents Ang II taken up from blood rather than locally synthesized Ang II.
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AmidesAngiotensin IIAngiotensinogenAnimalsBlood-Brain BarrierBlood PressureBrainDesoxycorticosterone AcetateDisease Models, AnimalFumaratesHypertensionMiceMice, KnockoutRandom AllocationRatsRats, Inbred SHRaliskirenAmidesAngiotensin IIAngiotensinogenDesoxycorticosterone AcetateFumaratesangiotensinbrainDOCA saltlisinoprilmouseolmesartanproreninreninSHR
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